Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Informal Logic free essay sample
Counterfeit the information Try to show the theory is bogus Meditate on what the speculation truly implies Instructor Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Comments: 3. Question :One approach to disconfirm the logical speculation that chickens can't fly would be to Student Answer: ask somebody. look extremely hard for a chicken that can fly. just attest that chickens can fly. just affirm that chickens can't fly. Educator Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Remarks: 4. Question :An emphatically upheld guarantee in science ought to be viewed as Student Answer: right, yet something that can generally be updated. fundamentally obvious. pointless however fun. right, and never requiring update. Educator Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Comments: 5. Question :A dormant substance or mimicked clinical system is known as a Student Answer: placenta. We will compose a custom paper test on Casual Logic or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page fake treatment. platypus. pleonasm. Teacher Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Comments: 6. Question :Logicians view the accompanying as the significance of the word contention. Understudy Answer: An unfriendly and enthusiastic contest A wonderful tribute to Spring A lot of reasons set forth to help a case The sort of thing one has with a life partner Instructor Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Comments: 7. Question :Which of the next may not qualify as a falsifiable case? Understudy Answer: Your karma will improve. Your home will be sold tomorrow. Stone is more thick than sand. Smoking may cause coronary illness. Educator Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Comments: 8. Question :To help a logical theory, one may Student Answer: assemble information that affirms the speculation. search for methods of invalidating the speculation. Both An and B None of the above Instructor Explanation:The answer can be found in Chapter Five of An Introduction to Logic. Focuses Received:1 of 1 Comments: 9. Question :Descartes stressed a lot over the danger presented by which of the accompanying? Understudy Answer: Christians
Saturday, August 22, 2020
No, no, no, youre all doing it wrong! The secret Essays
No, no, no, you're all treating it terribly! The key to creating sensible drawings lies in your capacity to concentrate each subtlety of the article before you, my craft instructor prompted. Take a stab at portraying with one eye shut; it's everything about viewpoint, individuals! My colleagues acknowledged his recommendation and I looked as they endeavored to understand the dead apples and pears that lay on the work area before them. I, as well, braced my left eye shut, imagining that this strategy changed my view in a similar way it influenced my companions. It didn't. With one eye shut, my organic product showed up accurately equivalent to it had with the two eyes open. Because of a Retinoblastoma finding at two years of age, my reality, which my folks dotingly allude to as Jillian's reality, has consistently showed up marginally not quite the same as that of others. I have no memory of having binocular vision, so profundity discernment has consistently been a non-existent capacity. For most of my adolescence, I felt embarrassed by my prosthetic eye, deliberately pushing my hair toward the left half of my face and maintaining a strategic distance from all eye to eye connection that outperformed ten seconds. I despised that my eyes didn't show up the equivalent, and continually stressed how others would see my irregularity. It was not until the previous summer, when I got an administration grant to examine Hindi in India, that my point of view with respect to Jillian's reality was modified by one far-fetched image: the insignia. I experienced it after entering my receiving family's home just because. It was put straightforwardly on their front doorstep in the middle of two mosaic impressions. I had seen the insignia a large number of times in history books and narratives, yet obtrusively standing up to it in person was a completely unique story. My heart began to sting as pictures of skeletal bodies and families destroyed hustled through my head. The insignia was the essence of the fanaticism and segregation that I emphatically criticized. I was unable to fold my head over the way that I was going to go through my late spring with individuals who showed an abhor image before their home. Inside merely days I found that my receiving family was the finished direct opposite of the negative qualities I had initially connected with the insignia. They took me to rich weddings and sanctuaries and showed me how to cook Indian food. My host-mother indicated me customary procedures to make craftsmanship and we shared numerous snickers at my many bombed endeavors at haggling with advertise businesspeople in Hindi. By the mid-route point in my program I had begun to look all starry eyed at my receiving family and their energetic culture. It was then that I understood that I expected to look again at the insignia through my receiving family's focal point. One evening, I asked my host-mother what the image implied in her way of life, illuminating her that it was a notorious abhor image in the United States. Her reaction is always imbued in my memory. With wide eyes and a wrinkled temple, she replied, A despise image? No, we accept the swastik is an image for harmony and favorable luck. For what reason is it derisive? At the point when I referenced the Holocaust, she showed up much increasingly befuddled. After further inquiring about the image, I found that the insignia, known as the swastik in Hindi, had been a Hindu image of harmony a large number of years before it was ever an image of shrewdness. We sat opposite one another, both astounded at how our perspectives on one image could contradict each other, yet be similarly legitimate in their own regard; this was the magnificence of perspective.Since coming back from India, I presently drive my hair away from my face with headbands and my dread of supported eye to eye connection has disappeared. My handicap doesn't restrict Jillian's reality, yet rather, enables me to see far and wide, apples and pears notwithstanding.
Monday, July 27, 2020
Personality Tests Are Flawed Heres What You Really Need to Know
Personality Tests Are Flawed Heres What You Really Need to Know Personality tests have been out there for a long time now, and theyâre mainly used to determine a personâs traits and maybe even predict their behavior in certain situations.There are hundreds, if not thousands of these kinds of tests circulating around the Internet and they have a wide range and variety of questions, and they all claim they can tell you more about yourself.Some tests can determine what kind of sandwich you are, or what flavor of Starbucks coffee suits your personality the best and these tests are fun, but clearly, theyre just for laughs and arent to be taken seriously.Other, more serious tests are believed to actually be able to determine your personality and are very popular.But are these tests as accurate as people believe them to be and can you really measure someoneâs personality by taking a quiz?WHY IS PERSONALITY SO IMPORTANT?We as humans tend to label things and people in order to put them into specific categories, and this is natural for us as we dont like when we dont understand something because it brings confusion and sometimes fears into our minds.And we label other people for a bunch of different reasons, some of them being:We usually like to be friends with people who we have something in common and share similar interests.We donât like the people we canât figure out what theyâre like because itâs a strain to always be at the tip of your toes around someone when you donât know how theyâll react in certain situations.Whether we like it or not, but weâre constantly mirroring people who are either more successful than us or have achieved great things, and we think that if we have similar traits as them, that weâll become successful too.The ambiguity is what invokes fear in our mind, and when we canât understand someone or something, we try to stay away from all of that.All of these reasons why we put labels on people are quite natural, and itâs easy to categorize others.But when it comes to our own personal ity and traits, we arenât so eager to jump into conclusions that fast.This is why personality tests may be useful, but as youll see, they may be not what youre looking for if you really want to know a thing or two about yourself.A BRIEF HISTORY OF PERSONALITY STUDIESSince the beginning of early human era, great philosophers such as Hippocrates, Plato and Aristotle displayed through their work what could be considered some of the first classifications of humans by types and categories.For example, if we take a look at Plato, in his book âRepublicâ, in there, we can find a story of the Phoenician lie which suggests that some people are made out of gold and silver while others are made from brass making some people more âworthyâ than others.Hippocrates, on the other hand, developed the Four Temperaments in his medical theory and categorized people into four types:Sanguine â" Talkative, enthusiastic, active and social, associated with risk-taking behavior.Choleric â" Extrove rted, independent, decisive, and goal-oriented, associated with dominant and short-tempered behavior.Melancholic â" Detail-oriented, deep thinking, emotional and self-reliant, associated with striving for perfection.Phlegmatic â" Relaxed, peaceful, quiet and easy going, associated with problem-solving and making compromises.There are also many different traces throughout the history of personality studies in Chinese and Hindu medicine, which was based on explaining different traits of human behavior and did actually influence some psychologists later in modern times.And of course, we have the zodiac which was debunked by a 1958 medical study in London called The Time Twins and, according to Washington Times, was an experiment involving 2000 babies born on the same date and roughly the same time which was monitored for decades.The research looked at things such as anxiety, IQ, sociability, and so on. What happened was that everyone ended up growing into their unique personality, me aning zodiac signs arenât a great indicator of your personality.There was a boom in the psychology of personality at the beginning of the 20th century, and there were many theoreticians which paved the way for the modern understanding of the human personality. Some of the most famous are:Sigmund Freud (1856 â" 1939) â" The pioneer of psychoanalysis thought that our personality could be discovered through the examination of our sub-consciousness.Carl Jung (1875 â" 1961) â" He presented the introverted and extraverted type in analytical psychology.Abraham Maslow (1908 â" 1970) â" Developed the âMaslowâs hierarchy of needsâ in 1943.Alfred Adler (1870 -1937) â" The term âstyle of lifeâ was first used in Adlerâs works which described the dynamics of personality.THE ORIGINS OF PERSONALITY TESTSNo one knows for certain when personality tests became so widespread and popular but one thing is for certain and it is the fact that nowadays there are hundreds of different pe rsonality tests all over the Internet, in magazines and so on.The first personality tests were carried out by psychologists with their patients, but those tests were done behind closed doors and more often than not were used to determine if you had a mental illness or not.Itâs also known that personality tests were used in the army prior to WW1 in order to assess soldiers into the military which is still practiced today not only for the army but also various special forces and police departments.But the first questionnaire typed personality tests were actually printed in womenâs magazines somewhere around the 1950s, and they had to do with marriage and being a good wife because at that time women werent allowed in the workforce, so they had to have something to do outside the home which made them feel alive.There may be a surprise that the most popular test was actually developed by two women, which well talk about right away.MYERS-BRIGGS TEST AND ITâS FLAWSCertainly, the most popular and widespread personality test is the Myers-Briggs Traits Indicator or MBTI for short, which is believed to be able to accurately measure your personality by putting you into different categories.It was developed by Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers in the 1940s and was based on Carl Jungâs typology theories.The difference was that Jungâs theories werenât conducted in controlled scientific studies but rather in clinical observation and introspection.The test became so popular that for many years it was considered to be so accurate that it could even tell what kind of a career a person might be most suitable for and so on.How the MBTI test works is it assess the person taking the test by answering questions based on 4 different traits and their counterparts which gives a total of 8 traits and, when combined make up 16 different types of personality.Thereâs also one extra trait â" Identity, which underpins all the traits and shows how conf ident you are at making decisions.These traits measure if you:Are introverted, meaning youâre more focused on yourself, or extroverted, meaning youâre more focused on the outside world.Are more likely to trust your senses or your intuition or gut feeling.Approach the world by thinking, meaning logical reasoning, or by feeling, meaning youâre more subjective.Are judging, meaning you come to conclusions about things, or perceiving, meaning that youâre open to new information.Are assertive, meaning you know what you want, or turbulent, meaning you âgo with the flowâ. These types are shown by the IdentityWhen you finish the test and combine your traits, youâll get a 4 letter type and one extra letter linked to the Identity trait.For the purpose of this article, I did the test myself on 16personalities.com and got the letters INTJ-A, meaning Iâm an introvert, intuitive, thinking, judging, and assertive.If youâre interested in taking this test, feel free to do so, but ta ke it with a grain of salt and weâll explain why.As it turns out, this test isnât really that great at measuring your personality for many reasons and most of them being that the methodology with which the test determines your traits isnât the same methodology which is used today.To further explain this point, weâll have to take a look at how modern psychologists. Psychologists want their measurements to be reliable, and there are two types of reliability:Retest reliability â" meaning that if you give people the same test over time, youâll get similar results.Internal consistency reliability â" meaning psychologists are measuring one trait at a time.Psychologists also measure validity, meaning that the results should have something to do with real life and actually predict a personâs behavior.Guess which test doesnât properly assess these two principles.Thatâs right.Myer-Gibbs doesnât follow any real scientific research but rather labels people into certain group s which doesnât really help you understand much about yourself or others.According to Business Insider, a research done by Roman Krznaric, if you take the Myer-Briggs test in a five-week gap, there is a 50% chance youll end up with different results opposed to your initial results.However, to be completely honest, a good characteristic of the Myer-Briggs test is that it uses a numeric score, meaning that, for example, it shows that youre 56% introverted and not completely an introvert, so we have to give it some credits after all.So, as it turns out, the most popular personality test has major flaws, but where does that leave other similar personality tests, or do you even need personality tests to understand things about yourself and others. THE BIG FIVEThe second most popular personality test out there is âThe Big Fiveâ or the five-factor model, FFM for short, and was developed by a group of psychologists back in the 1980s.This test was based on Hippocratesâs four temperam ents we talked about earlier and was made for the purpose of assessing five major personality traits:Openness to experience â"This is made to measure whether youâre inventive (curious) or consistent (cautious).Conscientiousness â" This shows if youâre efficient (organized) or easy-going (careless).Extraversion â" It serves to show if youâre more outgoing (energetic) or solitary (reserved).Agreeableness â" Shows if youâre friendly (compassionate) or challenging (detached).Neuroticism â" Shows if youâre more sensitive (nervous) or secure (confident).You can memorize these traits in an acronym â" OCEAN or CANOE. Whichever floats your boat (get it? boat, canoe, no? okay).All jokes aside, this test really does show better results of your personality than the Myer-Briggs one, and itâs not only because it uses numeric measurements, but also because it can predict your behavior better than MBTI.The test itself consists of hundreds of different questions which you answer in the range from âInaccurateâ, âNeutralâ and âAccurate.Once youre done, youll get to see your results in the percentage of each category, and youll be able to read what each trait means.As with the MBTI test, Iâve also taken this one on Truity.com, and Iâm happy to share my results with you. Iâve got 90% on Openness, 73% on Conscientiousness, 56% on Extraversion, 33% on Agreeableness and 67% on Neuroticism.Quite frankly, Iâm not that disappointed with the results, but I must say that the questions I had to answer didnât feel as they could dwell deep into my personality and actually predict my behavior.I did the test again, and it showed not the same but similar results so we could say that it is somewhat useful to get some insight, but you canât by any means get a real picture of who you actually are.All in all, if youâre curious enough to try this test feel free to do so, but as with the Myer-Briggs one, it wonât really predict your future let alone tell yo u if you have the traits needed to be the next millionaire. THE REASON THESE TESTS FAILFirst, f you think of it this way, all these tests are giving you are some hints of the traits you might have, but your traits canât be measured by answering some random set of questions in order to get some numeric results.To really get a scientific insight on your whole personality, you would need to be monitored by a psychologist since the day you were born, and thatâs not only unpractical but also impossible.Because even if that was to happen, the constant monitoring of a psychologist will surely have an influence on your personality in one way or another, mainly because our mind is susceptible to social interference.Another reason these tests fail is that you can never be completely objective about yourself, and youâll always answer the questions on the test in accordance with how you now think about yourself.Third and this is the most compelling reason if you ask me, is that people cha nge and the person you are now and your traits might alter significantly in the future.Same goes for the person you were in the past because you dont have the same interests and traits as you do now.I think it is clear now why personality tests arenât as accurate as they pretend to be, but one question remains, and that is â"are they even useful? DO WE EVEN NEED PERSONALITY TESTS?We could go on and on about many different personality tests out there, and weve explained the two most common ones used by millions of people, and there is so many more test which really dwells deep into your personality, but the truth is rather disappointing.You see, personality tests are created by psychologists who do research and studies on the human mind and our behavior, but thereâs yet to be a psychology theory which can accurately measure someoneâs traits and predict whether theyâll stay the way they are or completely change their personality altogether.There have been countless factors in cluded, such as social influence, financial status, religion, culture, marital status, whether youâre a single child or have siblings, the list goes on and on, yet to no avail.And this has nothing to do with psychologists.Theyre doing their best to conduct experiments and observe the human mind based on a scientific study and I salute them for that, but in the end, humans are so unpredictable that it will take time to really get an accurate answer to the question â" What is the self.If you think of it this way, who could better determine who you are than you, yourself? And once this question is asked, another one pops-up right away â" do we even need personality tests?Well, Id hate to break it to you, but it shows that theyre just a waste of time.Instead of spending your time on these tests, you could actually be doing the things you want and like to do, the things that really define who you are.Because the answers youâre looking for are the same answers many philosophers, poe ts, musicians, artists, sociologists and of course psychologists are looking for as well.The question still remains â" Who are we?CAN I FIND OUT ABOUT MY PERSONALITY BY MYSELF?Back in my first semester of the first year in college, I had the Introduction to psychology as a subject and although much of the things weâve learned on that course I forgot, mainly because Iâm not interested in psychology that much, is that there is a thing called introspection.Ive heard about introspection a while back, but never really researched it until I studied for my exam, which was, ironically enough, mainly oriented on the theories of personality.Right there and then I discovered something which we all do for the time to time, and that is self-reflection.Have you ever sat down on your bed or looked through the window and started to think really deeply about how your lifeâs been going?If youâve answered yes, itâs a relief for me to know Iâm not the only âcrazy personâ who does that, and also it shows that people conduct introspection on themselves at one point or another in their lives.The origins of introspection theory can be traced back to Wilhelm Wundt, and he gave specific instructions on how to properly self-reflect such as:You must be aware and prepare yourself for the process of introspection.You must hold attention and concentration once you start self-reflecting.You should be capable of repeating the self-reflection under the same conditions.You must understand the circumstances of your state while youâre self-reflecting and grade them by strength and quality.As you can see, these instructions feel a little rough and hard to follow, and this is mainly because Wundt wanted to make a synthesis of the conscious experiences a person who is self-reflecting could feel.Opposed to Wundtâs theory, Edward Titchener, who was his student, expanded the main idea of introspection and actually brought lotâs of Wundtâs ideas to America.What Titchener had in mind was that instead of self-reflecting on our whole life basically, we should focus on the individual components that make up our conscious experiences.What all this means is that self-reflection is a real thing and we can use it to find out more about ourselves, so instead of answering the questions on a personality test, we should try and ask ourselves the questions we want to answer.There is no personality test which will give you an answer of who you are, they can just tell you a little bit about your traits but not how youâll act in certain situations because that all depends from case to case.FINAL WORDWe had to give you the ugly truth about personality tests, but we hope that youâve learned a thing or two about personality and why itâs hard to answer difficult questions about such a broad part of human life.Also, we dont want to discourage you from taking the tests anyway because they can be fun, but you should take them with a grain of salt and not waste so much time in figuring out their meaning.Maybe in the future, there will be personality tests which can answer all the questions youve had about yourself and life in general, but for now, it seems that the best personality test is already in your head, and as life passes youll be able to answer most of the questions.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Spanish Word Order in Forming Sentences
Compared with English, Spanish allows considerable latitude in the word order of sentences. Whereas in English, most simple sentences are formed in the pattern of subject, verb, then object, in Spanish any one of those sentence parts can come first. Word Order in Simple Spanish Statements As a general rule, it is almost never wrong to follow the common sentence structure of subject-verb-object (known to grammarians as SVO). Note,however, that in Spanish it also common for object pronouns to come before verbs or be attached to them if the verb is an infinitive or command. But while English allows variation primarily for questions and poetic effect, in Spanish ordinary statements can start with the subject, the verb or the object. In fact, starting a statement with the verb is very common. For example, all the following sentence constructions are possible as a translation of Diana wrote this novel: Diana escribià ³ esta novela. (Subject comes first.)Escribià ³ Diana esta novela. (Verb comes first.)Esta novela la escribià ³ Diana. (Object comes first. In this construction, an object pronoun is often added to help avoid ambiguity. This sentence order is far less common than the first two.) So do all those sentences mean the same thing? Yes and no. The difference is subtle (in fact, sometimes there is no substantive difference), but the choice of wording can be a matter of emphasis rather than something that might come across in a translation. In spoken English, such differences are often a matter of intonation (which also occurs in Spanish); in written English we sometimes use italics to indicate emphasis. In the first sentence, for example, the emphasis is on Diana: Diana wrote this novel. Perhaps the speaker is expressing surprise or pride about Dianas accomplishment. In the second sentence the emphasis is on the writing: Diana wrote this novel. (Perhaps a better example might be something like this: No pueden escribir los alumnos de su clase. The students in his class cant write.) In the final example, the emphasis is on what Diana wrote: Diana wrote this novel. Word Order in Simple Spanish Questions In Spanish questions, the subject almost always comes after the verb. à ¿Escribià ³ Diana esta novela? (Did Diana write this novel?) à ¿Quà © escribià ³ Diana? (What did Diana write?) Although it is possible in informal speech to phrase a question like a statement as can be done in English ââ¬â à ¿Diana escribià ³ esta novela? Diana wrote this novel? ââ¬â this is seldom done in writing. Omitting the Subject in Spanish Although in standard English the subject of a sentence can be omitted only in commands, in Spanish the subject can be omitted if it is understood from the context. See how the subject can be omitted in the second sentence here because the first subject provides the context. Diana es mi hija. Escribià ³ esta novela. (Diana is my daughter. She wrote this novel.) In other words, it is not necessary in the second sentence to provide ella, the word for she. Word Order in Sentences Including a Relative Clause A common word order that may seem unfamiliar to English speakers involves subjects include a relative clauseââ¬âa sentence fragment that includes a noun and verb and typically begins with a relative pronoun such as that or which in English or que in Spanish. Spanish speakers tend to avoid placing verbs far away from the subject, forcing them to invert the subject-verb order. The tendency can best be explained with an example: English: A cellphone that I had in order to make videos disappeared. (The subject of his sentence is cellphone, which is described by that I had in order to make videos. This sentence may seem somewhat awkward in English because of so many intervening words between the subject and verb, but there is no way to avoid the problem without making an even clumsier sentence.)Spanish: Desaparecià ³ un mà ³vil que yo tenà a para realizar và deos. (By putting the verb, desparecià ³, first, it can come next to un mà ³vil. Although it would be possible to roughly follow the English word order here, doing so would seem awkward at best to a native speaker.) Here are three more examples that use similar patterns. The sentence subjects and verbs are in boldface to show how they are closer in Spanish: Ganà ³ el equipo que lo merecià ³. (The team that deserved it won.)Obtienen trabajo las personas que ya muchos aà ±os de experiencia laboral. (Persons who already have many years of work experience get jobs.)Pierden peso los que disfrutan de correr. (Those who like to run lose weight.) Key Takeaways A subject-verb-object word order is usual in both Spanish and English simple statements, but Spanish speakers are more likely to modify the word order as a way of changing emphasis.In both English and Spanish questions, the verb typically comes before the subject.Spanish speakers often place the verb of a sentence first when the subject includes a relative clause.
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Sleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society - 1443 Words
Introduction Very nearly everybody encounters sleep deprivation occasionally, which is a developing issue, can influences a huge number of individuals on the planet particularly found in ladies, and more established. Additionally individuals who are separated or widowed have a more noteworthy chance than the individuals who are hitched to be casualties of sleep deprivation. A sleeping disorder originates from the Latin words for no slumber, which can be characterized as a reason or evident multifaceted nature in falling and staying unconscious. On the other hand when an individual has a troublesome time nodding off or staying unconscious, chances are they have a slumber issue called sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can sap your vitality level and temperament as well as your wellbeing, work execution and personal satisfaction. As indicated by Wilson (2008), Insomnia can be short term (up to three weeks) or long haul (over 3ââ¬â4 weeks);. There are fundamental three sorts of a sleeping diso rder, for example, Transient sleep deprivation, intense a sleeping disorder and unending sleep deprivation. 48% of Americans report sleep deprivation every so often, while 22 percent experience a sleeping disorder consistently. (Roth, 2007).this research report will concentrate on the causes, effects and treatments of insomnia. Causes of insomnia There are numerous reasons for sleep deprivation. Anxiety is one of the primary driver in deciding a sleeping disorder. It is a certainty ofShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society Essay1730 Words à |à 7 Pageseffectiveness of those hours however, depend on effective rest. ââ¬Å"Sleep is integral to the health and well-being of all peopleâ⬠(Wells 233). Sleep is simply defined as the bodyââ¬â¢s rest cycle ââ¬â a time to recharge. The widely accepted metric for normal or sufficient sleep is about 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep. When this metric is not met, either through total sleep loss or accumulated sleep debt, the effect can be dire, ââ¬Å"Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrongRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society1431 Words à |à 6 PagesBeing a full time student and avid participant in the community, sleep usually falls by the wayside as the struggle to maintain a healthy balance of activities and work continues. Sleep deprivation can actually be very devastating, having a huge affects on work ethic and focus. Sleep deprivation is ââ¬Å"the condition of being robbed of sleep,â⬠according to Dictionary.com. ââ¬Å"A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness, weight loss or weight gain,â⬠giving it a substantialRead MoreEssay On Sleep Deprivation801 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe world sleep deprivation could be detrimental to people lives and health. Without sleep Im a angry person I get real snappy and grumpy. I would like to know more about the effects of the lack of sleep that effects peopleââ¬â¢s lives. I know that without sleep you canââ¬â¢t function properly. Why do people choose to push themselves to the limit when they are tired? Who do sleep issues mainly effect? These are some of the questions that I have pertaining to sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a globalRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Teenagers939 Words à |à 4 Pagesteenagers can cause many problems such as sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation in teenagers can cause a lot of problems, in addition to that sleep deprivation is the leading cause of sleep disorders and depression. Sleep deprivation in teenager can have negative effects in their lives, especially academically and socially. There are different causes of sleep deprivation, two of the main causes are, Technology and Sleep Disorders. Teenagers in todayââ¬â¢s society students are plague with the world of technologyRead MoreEffects of Sleep Deprivation881 Words à |à 4 PagesSleep is an essential part of life. Without sleep, the body does not get the energy that it needs to function. Yet a large amount of people do not get anywhere near the amount of sleep they need. Whether it is because of medical reasons or because there just is not enough time in the day, sleep deprivation is a major problem in todays society. The many people who do not get enough sleep usually end up suffering the consequences. No good can come from not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation hasRead MoreSleep Deprivation Is A Wide Spread Phenomenon1277 Words à |à 6 PagesSleep is one of our most basic physiological needs and getting enough of it is paramount to keeping our bodies and minds functioning at optimal performance. Th e amount of sleep needed varies and decreases by age. From 12-18 hours needed by a newborn to 7-9 hours needed by a health adult. The basal sleep need varies by individual with some people requiring more or less sleep than others (Czeisler 2014). When an individual does not get enough sleep they enter a state of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivationRead MoreSleep Deprivation Negatively Influences Driving Performance1722 Words à |à 7 Pagesaverage person is generally awake for around 16 hours a day, however sometimes within busy lives sleep may become a last priority between family and work, and thus extending the period a person is awake (Williamson Feyer, 2000). In this essay, it will be argued that sleep deprivation negatively influences driving performance, as it has been found that driving for long periods of time or after sleep deprivation leads to poor driving performance as levels of alertness are low. Two empirical studies haveRead MoreLack Of Lack Sleep Deprivation767 Wo rds à |à 4 PagesWhat exactly is sleep? Sleep not only allows the human body to rest and reset after a long day but it also plays a critical role in immune function, metabolism, memory, learning and our vital body functions (Harvard Medical School, n.d.). When the human body becomes warn down and unable to properly regenerate and rest, it becomes more and more susceptible to disease, infection and health complications. In the American culture society burns the candle at both ends which often spirals into a wholeRead MoreSleep Loss Or Sleep Deprivation860 Words à |à 4 PagesSleep Loss Sleep loss, or sleep deprivation, is very common throughout the world. It is very important to make sure you get at least eight hours of sleep each night for you to be ready to get up and go. It has been said that teenagers need an average of nine hours and fifteen minutes of sleep, according to my psychology teacher. It is very dangerous to go without sleep, hallucinations can and sometimes will occur. It is always easy to tell when a person is not getting enough sleep. They have bagsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Stress1352 Words à |à 6 PagesSleep is very important for proper human functioning. Sleep deprivation occurs the body does not get an adequate amount of sleep regularly. The lack of sleep can affect many aspects of life. This topic affects many Americans especially college students. American culture values being very busy and cramming in many activities to daily schedules in which often requires sacrificing sleep. Different age groups reactions to sleep d eprivation was investigated. Physical effects of lack of sleep were examined
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Thesis Researched by Rose Free Essays
Roseââ¬â¢s thesis states that ââ¬Å"Students will float to the mark you set. â⬠â⬠Vocational education has aimed at increasing the economic opportunities of students who do not do well in our schools. Some serious programs succeed in doing that, and through exceptional teachers ââ¬â like Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Researched by Rose or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gross in Horaceââ¬â¢s Compromise ââ¬â students learn to develop hypotheses and trouble shoot, reason through a problem, and communicate effectively ââ¬â the true job skills. The vocational track, however, is most often a place for those who are just not making it, a dumping ground for the disaffected.â⬠Rose attempts to persuade his readers by showing how dysfunctional the vocational students are and how mediocre or unchallenging their studies are. He also persuades the readers by exemplifying the instructorââ¬â¢s poor attempts to care about the quality of learning the vocational education students are receiving. His argument is that the instructors are not inventive in their teaching methods and do not work hard at education through use of their imaginations. ââ¬Å"The teachers have no idea of how to engage the imaginations of kids who were at the bottom of the pond.â⬠I agree with Roseââ¬â¢s point stating that â⬠Youââ¬â¢re defined by your school as ââ¬Å"slowâ⬠; youââ¬â¢re placed in a curriculum that isnââ¬â¢t designed to liberate you but to occupy you, or, if youââ¬â¢re lucky, train you, though the training is for work the society does not esteem.â⬠This seems to be the norm at all schools. But, I think at all levels, be it high school or college, the instructors teaching these types of programs should be trained to use more imaginative methods of teaching the vocational level students. Obviously, these students each learn at a different pace, but their minds still need to be challenged. They should receive education that stimulates their minds so they do not lose interest. The vocational education system is used as simply as Rose put it, as a ââ¬Å"dumping ground for the disaffected.â⬠I also understand the point Rose made referring to the fact that if a student is trained in a mediocre way he will do nothing but turn into a mediocre student. Resulting in boredom, indifference, tuning out, ignorance, and finally a lack of job skills society deems necessary. I think Rose was correct in the comment ââ¬Å"Champion the average.â⬠Although that is assuming that every vocational student has the courage to rely on his/her own good sense and put the fear behind him or her. Only most of them lack the courage or self-esteem to stand up for themselves, be it only in their own mind. Moreover, many would not take themselves seriously if they did so. How to cite Thesis Researched by Rose, Papers
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
The DVD Revolution Essays - Consumer Electronics, Audio Storage
The DVD Revolution The DVD Revolution Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the features and advantages of DVD video. Central Idea: The DVD video format has superior audio and visual quality to VHS, as well as more special features, which is why it should eventually occupy the place of the VCR in American households. Introduction I'd like to start things out by taking a survey. How many of you remember having a CD player in your house fifteen years ago? Not very many of you, I see. Of course, we all have CD players now. It took a little over a decade and some major price drops, but eventually we all threw out our old vinyl and cassettes and opted for the excellent sound quality and convenience of CDs. Just as the CD took the place of cassettes, many people believe the DVD, or digital versatile disc, will soon take the place of VHS tapes. Many of you may not even know what a DVD is, so before I go any further, let me show you what one looks like. (Take out DVD disc) It's the same size as a CD, but it has two sides. Just like a VHS tape, it plays movies directly on your television. DVD video players were originally released in early 1997, and their first year sales were twice that of CD players, which is strong evidence that the DVD is here to stay. Why is the DVD so popular, and what makes it better than VHS? There are three main reasons: sound quality, picture quality, and special features exclusive to DVD. (Transition: Let's start with the sound quality of DVD) Body I. The sound quality of DVD is far superior than that of VHS. A. DVD discs utilize digital technology, which is the same technology used by compact discs. 1. This means that you will get crisp and clear sound equal to CDs. B. DVD players are also compatible with all surround sound formats. 1. For those of you who don't know, surround sound is a system of speakers set up across a room that provides a listening experience similar to being I in a movie theater. 2. The combination of a surround sound system and CD quality sound is best realized when listening to musicals like "Singing in the Rain", or action films with a lot of sound effects, such as "Starship Troopers." C. You have the ability to listen to different audio tracks. 1. This means that on just one disc, you can listen to a movie in a number of languages, usually English, French, and Spanish. 2. You can also listen to just the musical score, with the dialogue and sound effects turned off. 3. Some discs even feature a running commentary by the actors and director while a movie is playing. (Transition: Now that you know a little abound the sound, let me tell you about some of the visual features of DVD) II. Movies have never looked better than on DVD. A. The picture on a DVD player is twice as sharp and clear than VCR players. 1. As Entertainment Weekly writer Micheal Glitz put it, "( Colorful movies like The Wizard of Oz are) so beautiful you'll want to freeze some scenes and leave them on your TV the way others hang works of art on their walls." 2. The picture is already perfect, so you'll never have to fool with tracking again. B. You can watch the movie from two different screen ratios. 1. You can watch a movie in widescreen format, which is when the screen has the little black bars at the top and the bottom. This is the way movies are viewed in theatres. 2. You can also watch the movie in "pan and scan" format. This is how things normally appear on a television screen. You won't have the black bars, but you also won't be seeing the entire picture. C. You can watch some movies with subtitles in several different languages. 1. Subtitles allow the hearing-impaired to watch movies without having a closed caption feature on their televisions. 2. Many people enjoy watching foreign films with subtitles, rather than dubbed voices. This allows them to hear the original actor's voice, and not a translator. D. Some titles allow viewers to adjust the camera angle on a scene. 1. You can step into the director's chair and call the shots. You get to control the camera and look at a scene the way you want. 2. This feature is excellent to use on sports programs. You can watch a play from multiple angles and scrutinize every move made. (Transition: In addition to superior picture and sound, you also get additional features found only on DVD.) III. DVD
Friday, March 20, 2020
Phronesis Definition and Examples
Phronesis Definition and Examples In classical rhetoric, phronesis is prudence or practical wisdom. Adjective: phronetic. In the ethical treatise On Virtues and Vices (sometimes attributed to Aristotle), phronesis is characterized as the wisdom to take counsel, to judge the goods and evils and all the things in life that are desirable and to be avoided, to use all the available goods finely, to behave rightly in society, to observe due occasions, to employ both speech and action with sagacity, to have expert knowledge of all things that are useful (translated by H. Rackam). Etymology:From the Greek, think, understand Practical Wisdom [The] concept of persuasion points . . . to the human capacity for practical judgment. By judgment I mean the mental activity of responding to particular situations in a way that draws upon our sensations, beliefs, and emotions without being dictated by them in any way reducible to a simple rule. This kind of judgment may involve integrating new information into existing patterns of thought, readjusting those patterns to make room for a new perspective, or both. There are several sorts of judgmentlogical, aesthetic, political, and perhaps othersbut the concept I have in mind is linked most closely to what Aristotle called practical wisdom, or phronesis, and what Aquinas discussed as prudence, and it is also linked to our idea of common sense.(Bryan Garsten, Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. Harvard Univ. Press, 2006) Phronesis in Speakers and Audiences To the extent that rhetoric is conceived as an art, capable of practical refinement, phronÃâsis, or practical wisdom, is often considered to be one of the by-products or relational goods enhanced and cultivated through rhetorical conduct. For Aristotle, practical wisdom was one of the rhetorical constituents of ethos. But perhaps most important, this overriding intellectual virtue was also cultivated in audiences through the practice of deliberation. In fact, the methods of invention and argument, along with the vast array of commonplaces and topoi, may all be conceived as devices for the enhancement of phronÃâsis in speakers and audiences.(Thomas B. Farrell, PhronÃâsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Phronesis and Invented Ethos Reasoning persuades because we think it is a sign of character. No one infers that because someone is a doctor and knows health, that the doctor is therefore healthy. But we make that ââ¬â¹inference all the time with respect to rhetoric and phronÃâsis. We assume that if someone can give good advice, he or she must be a good person. Such inferences are grounded in the belief that phronÃâsis and goodness are more than knowledge. Reasoning is persuasive to us because it is evidence, fallible and defeasible as all such evidence must be, of phronÃâsis and character.It is evidence for the character created in the speech [that is, invented ethos].(Eugene Carver, Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) The Example of Pericles In the Rhetoric [of Aristotle], Pericles is an exemplary figure of rhetorical effectiveness both for his skillful choice of persuasive strategies and for the persuasive appeal of his own character. That is, Pericles exemplifies how closely successful rhetoric is tied to phronÃâsis: the best rhetors possess a practical wisdom that can discern the most effective means of persuasion in any specific situation, including an appeal to their own reputations as persons of practical wisdom. Aristotle builds the phronetic power of discernment into his influential definition of rhetoric as the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion . . ..(Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Hermeneutics Still Again: or, On the Track of PhronÃâsis. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Young Surname Meaning and Origin
Young Surname Meaning and Origin Derived from the Middle English yunge or yonge (Old English word geong),à meaning young, the Young surname was used as a descriptive name to distinguish father from son or to the younger of two relatives with the same first name (similar to the usage of Junior). In many cases, Young can also be an Anglicization of one of several like-sounding surnames, such as the German Jung, Dutch Jong, and French Lejueune. Young is the 31st most popular surname in the United States and the 19th most common surname in Scotland. Surname Origin:à English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:à YOUNGE, YOUNGE, YONG Famous People with the Surname YOUNG Neil Young - American folk-rock singer/songwriterJohn Young - American astronautBrigham Young - second prophet and president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsLester Young - American jazz saxophonistWhitney Young Jr. - Civil rights activistPaul Young - English singer Where Do People With the Young Surname Live? Young is the 590th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data fromà Forebears, and is found in the greatest numbers in the United States. It is most prevalent based on percentage of population. However, in the Pitcairn Islands, where it ranks 3rd, and is borne by 1 of every 10 residents. Young also ranks highly in Belize (4th), New Zealand (11th), Australia (22nd), Scotland (22nd), Canada (23rd), England (49th) and Wales (58th). WorldNames PublicProfiler identifies the Young surname as being most common in Australia and New Zealand, followed by the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. The world region with the largest population of Youngs is Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, followed by Clutha District, New Zealand, and then Scotland. Within the United States, Young is most common in the state of Hawaii. Within Scotland, the name is most prevalent in the Scottish Borders, followed by East Ayrshire and Midlothian. Genealogy Resources for the Surname YOUNG 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Young Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Young family crest or coat of arms for the Young surname.à Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.à Young Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Young surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Young query.FamilySearch - YOUNG Genealogy: Access over 9 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Young surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Young Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Young surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. YOUNG Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Young surname.DistantCousin.com - YOUNG Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Young.The Young Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Young from the website of Genealogy Today.
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Project Management in a Changing Environment Coursework
Project Management in a Changing Environment - Coursework Example A new body of knowledge was evolved, which came to be known as Project Management. Over the years, the science of Project Management has developed enormously and many scholars and practitioners have introduced various tools and techniques to enrich it. à Internet, computers, project management software etc have enhanced the pace of development of project management.Successful completion of a project on time with the use of limited resources and minimum cost is the main objective of project management. But, project management in modern times is no longer possible by paying attention to resources, cost and time alone. The project managers are forced to look beyond time, cost and resources. The traditional tools and techniques such as Gantt chart, PERT/CPM networks became powerless and attainment of project objective remained a dream for the competent project managers. A careful analysis has been made in various areas of project management and finally reached a way-out that project ma nagers need to have a check on the rapidly changing environment in which the project needs to be materialized.Every project is carried out in a set of complex factors. The totality of all such factors is known as the project environment. Time, organizational factors, a legal system, political system, technology structure, economic system, socio-cultural system are some of the factors in the project environment. All these factors are likely to affect projects and the success depends upon how the project manager and his team respond and adapt to the changes. The basic principles of project management still remain effective in any contexts regardless of size and time. But the resources, budgets, methods, and tools of the project depend upon the environment. If todayââ¬â¢s projects are managed by the tools of the past, the probability of failing the project is very high. That does not mean that traditional tools are ineffective in modern times. Thus, before implementing the tools, th ey must be made adaptable to the changed resources, budgets.
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Products and Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Products and Services - Assignment Example From this paper it is clear that MSC was going to make profits since they were going to focus mainly on the product that would satisfy their customer needs. They relocated their markets to areas where they knew that the prices they had placed would favor the residents. As an organization MSC did the right thing by forming the alliance since it closed down all the branches that were making little profit. They should move to areas where there is ready market. The products that MSC produced were to be advertised. This task was to be carried out by 3B, this will help MSC do away with promotion costs.This discussion highlights thatà the benefits of going ahead with the plan are many for example some of the operation costs will be reduced. PLS employees will lead, but 3B will help with materials. There will be some advertising as part of this deal. This will be done by 3B andà PLS. Since it is an alliance, they will be holding meetings to discuss on new strategies and the way forward. This will be a major boost since there will be exchange of ideas by different people who have different skills, and they are from different companies.à MSC county government has been looking forward to support both private and public partnerships so that they get national attention.à 3B also has a good public reputation in their community since its employees contribute to the growth of the economy. By forming an alliance with them, MSC is more likely to succeed.
Saturday, January 25, 2020
History of Foreign and Security Policy
History of Foreign and Security Policy Defining Foreign and Security Policy from the Cold War to Present Todayââ¬â¢s increasingly globalised community has seen more diplomatic and social evolution in the past half-century than the civilized world has seen in recent memory. The advent of multinational trade and military alliances such as the North Atlantic Trade Organization has increasingly intertwined security policies with foreign policies, which in turn entail more than just military alliances. Foreign subsidies by way of fiscal aid grants and weapons contracts warrant the need for nations to adopt solid, transparent foreign and security policies as the traditional global threat of warfare changes. The most notable examples for security and foreign policies as well as the need for a national and supranational governmental monitor are the United States and the European Union. The aforementioned two bodies share between them diplomatic ties to most every member of the international community. The onus of foreign and security policies becomes more apparent through examination of dipl omatically fragile and militarily-temperamental regions such as the Middle East, whose international agreements and regional alliances are the basis for subsequent American and EU policy, without which allies and trade partners would find little benefit from trade and security agreements. Foreign policy amounts to little more than a series of political guidelines and rules of engagement by which any country implementing it best gains at a certain point in time. Foreign policies are known to change radically from one year to the next; the Cold War is perhaps the greatest testament to the temporal nature of international relations and foreign policy. Robert John Myers notes in his US Foreign Policy in the Twenty-first Century how quickly Western countries changed their approach to the Soviet Union. Prior to 1945 ââ¬Å"during the savage struggle of World War II, the primacy of the wisdom of political realism seemed to have been learnedâ⬠by the Allies, who interlocked ââ¬Å"inte rest, power, and morality in the councils of the principal Allied powerâ⬠[1]; the USSR at the time was an indispensable ally against Germany and Japan. Much to the chagrin of their current political detractors, the Soviets were perhaps the most powerful ally America had in the war against the Axis powers, with borders spanning the heart of the Nazi regime and maritime waters bordering the Imperial Japanese. Foreign policy then had nothing to do with the civil liberties, democracy, and freedom of the press so touted today in the same countries that huddled together in opposition to Moscow during the Cold War. Prior to the partition of Germany at the close of the war, it was easily recognizable that ââ¬Å"wartime cooperation to defeat the Axis was clearly importantâ⬠and Allied foreign policy toward its Soviet contingent was one of camaraderie and mutual interdependence[2]. Once the war ended, however, the close ties between the powers dissipated and politically malignant a ntipathy filled the void. With a barely nascent United Nations absent as policy moderator, the US and the USSR led a series of proxy wars starting with ââ¬Å"the attack by North Korea on South Korea on 25 June 1950,â⬠marking ââ¬Å"the limited cooperation [and mediation] that came to be expected from the UN in the security fieldâ⬠[3]. International mediation, which should have taken place given the alliance that transpired between the US, USSR, and Europe during WWII was all but gone in the years of reconstruction and the escalation of the Cold War. There are two points of speculation given the rise of the Cold War: the first is that the United Nations failed as an international mediator, and the second is that the United Nations was obsolete, serving only to keep other countries out of the periphery of the Soviet-American struggle for dominance. The difference between foreign and security policy during the Cold War was elementary. The American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union was one of mutual trade and sales, the development of which was speculated by many to be a financial insurance policy; if the two superpowers intertwined economically, the idea of armed struggle would be so financially devastating that neither side would be willing to continue along the path to war. American security policy was markedly different given the proxy wars fought in Korea, Vietnam, and the Middle East. Foreign policy essentially existed in the case of the Cold War to ensure that security policy would never be employed. The Cold War was a fascinating case of how foreign policy and security policy could run completely contrarian to each other. Any two given nations can foster amicable foreign policies in their approach to each other independent of a covertly hostile security policy as evidenced by the oft-shifting approach of successive American administrations to the Soviet behemoth. Jimmy Carter, for example, ââ¬Å"forbade grain sales to the Soviet Union following the nationââ¬â¢s invasion of Afghanistan in 1979,â⬠while ââ¬Å"Ronald Reagan made the unpopular embargo an issue in the 1980 elections, reversing the policy after his electionâ⬠[4]. The Reagan policy shift did not predicate a change in security policy, as the administration continued its support of Afghan mujahideen forces through arms sales and finance while continuing its agricultural trade with Moscow. It is now well-known that the UN was inconsequential in international mediation throughout the Cold War. This is not to say that an international or supranational regulatory body is not needed; in the case of the US and USSR, the absent (and perhaps powerless) UN was perceived as such because their collective power was dwarfed by the two superpowers. With no military or financial incentive, the question of the relevance of a supranational regulatory body in foreign and security policy is moot. Even today, American foreign policies often contravene UN resolutions with little or no repercussion due to the immense economic, political, and military might of Washington. While the Cold War ended relatively peacefully without UN intervention, the concept of an international body was not scorned by the US, which partnered with various countries to create the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO). It should be noted, however, that the US was an open advocate of NATO for the very reason tha t the UN was not potent enough a body to act on American will or on behalf of American aspirations. International mediation in this sense is needed for the monitoring of foreign and security policy; whether or not mediation will be effective in both sectors is quite another issue. Foreign policy can be monitored, policed, and even dictated by a supranational body as evidenced in the partition of Germany and the formation of the Eastern Bloc post-WWII. Security policy, however, is a point of major contention with any nation faced with the prospect of supranational control. Any nation with major investment (diplomatic or financial) abroad would be reluctant to cede jurisdiction of its own soldiers and sovereignty to an outside body, especially one such as the UN whose member list consists of nations antagonistic to one another. The irony here is that a multi-national group could have foreign and security policy power over a nation whose security policy is antagonistic to one or more members of the same international group. Israel, for example, would embark on an unprecedented leap of faith if it allowed the UN and its Arab members to mediate its security policy, all despite the fact that from the first years of its inception (1948-1967) the Jewish state relied o n the UN to justify its existence to the international community. The multi-faceted Arab-Israeli conflict is just one example of how unchecked world superpowers exerted their influence unchecked by the vigil of an international body. Prior to the fall of the Soviet Union, foreign policy was a much simpler venture as the world found itself functioning under the umbrella of just two superpowers, led by and acting under the auspices of either Washington or Moscow. The fall of Communism left a vacuum in the Middle East, as the now-extinct USSR had no allegiances to the Middle East in which it fought a series of proxy wars and conflicts with the United States. What transpired following the end of Moscowââ¬â¢s reign as a world superpower was the creation of several diplomatically independent states in the Middle East. Where Moscow once supported Syria, Egypt, and Iraq while arming said nationsââ¬â¢ leaders, they found themselves increasingly dependent on other sources for trade and international subsidy such as the EU and the United States. The foreign policy then drove the security policy, baited by American and EU sponsorship acting independently of the UN. Today, Egypt, once the sworn enemy of Israel (whose cl osest international ally is Washington), receives Americaââ¬â¢s second-largest international aid package. This of course is contingent upon the maintenance of a lasting peace as well as other conditions detailed in the Camp David Accords of 1978. The UN and the EUââ¬â¢s parts in the conflict were minimal, as security policies of the two comprised of a minimal militaristic component and a far larger foreign policy component. Pinar Bilgin observes in Regional Security in the Middle East how the fragile Mediterranean ââ¬Å"as an alternative spatial representation began to take shape from the 1970s onward largely in line with the development and changing security conception and practices of the European Union,â⬠a group whose policies toward the region ââ¬Å"have been shaped around three major concerns: energy security (understood as the sustained flow of oil and natural gas at reasonable prices); regional stability (understood as domestic stability especially in countries in geographically North Africa); and the cessation of the Israel/Palestine conflictâ⬠[5]. Unlike the US and USSR, whose motives will be examined later, the EU was interested solely in the protection of their economic preservation and the prevention of any armed conflict from spilling into their geographic vicinity. In addition to the Arab-Israeli crisis, EU Member States such as Italy, France, and Spain faced growing resentment in the Maghreb (Arab North Africa) as a corollary of imperial European rule. The EUââ¬â¢s policies were hence different from ââ¬Å"non-EU actors [who] encouraged and supported the search for security within a Euro-Mediterranean frameworkâ⬠; the EU has almost ââ¬Å"single-handedly sought to construct a Euro-Mediterranean Region to meet its own domestic economic, societal, and, to a much lesser extent, military security interestsâ⬠[6]. The American and Soviet interest in the region was also one of economic, political, and security nature, bu t on a much larger scale. Buzan and Waever note in their Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security how: ââ¬Å"The United States and the Soviet Union were latecomers as major players in Middle Eastern regional security, though the former had long-standing oil interests there. The two superpowers were drawn into a pattern of regional turbulence that was already strongly active. Their interest in the region was heightened by the fact that, like Europe, the Middle East sat on the boundary between the spheres of communism and ââ¬Ëfreeââ¬â¢ worlds. Stalinââ¬â¢s aggressive policy after 1945 had pushed Turkey and Iran into the arms of the West. Turkey became a member of NATO, and was thus fixed into the main European front of the Cold War. Until the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran fell increasingly under American sway, not only through corporate oil interests, but also as part of the loose alliance arrangements that connected American containment clients in Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan. To counter this US success right on its borders, the Soviet Union tried to play in the Arab world b ehind this front line, by establishing political and military links to the radical regimes and movements that sprang up in the Middle East during the 1950s and 1960s (Syria, PLO, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Yemen)â⬠[7] The entire Middle East, ranging from Egypt to Iran, became what Buzan and Waever describe as a ââ¬Å"third front in the Cold War, after Europe and Asia, and its oil resources tied it powerfully into the global economyâ⬠[8]. The Camp David Accords were especially important; while Israeli security policies remained virtually unchanged (the Israeli-Egyptian peace is frequently described as ââ¬Å"coolâ⬠in comparison to Israeli-Turkish relations), their foreign policies shifted. The two acted under the auspices of the United States, signalling a significant achievement in the Cold War. Though the ââ¬Å"crosscutting complexities of internal alignments in the Middle Eastâ⬠make it ââ¬Å"difficult to trace a clear Cold War pattern of great power intervention,â⬠the small gains and losses in war and political action were of huge consequence. With the 1978 signing of the Camp David Accords, the United States shifted its foreign policy in the Arab world successfully, sp litting allegiances in the Middle East to one drawn along Arab lines to one drawn along foreign policy lines. With Turkey and Iran (at least until Tehranââ¬â¢s 1979 Islamic Revolution) securely in the American camp, the Middle East was thus left only with Syria and Iraq in alliance with the USSR. Conflict in the Middle East was hence capitalized upon by the United States by way of foreign policy, which existed independently of the nationsââ¬â¢ security policies. Foreign policies always shift more easily than security policies, as the former serve the interest of a nationââ¬â¢s economy and the latter are charged with the military protection of a nationââ¬â¢s sovereignty, diplomatic or otherwise. As evidenced by the Cold War, American policies in Iraq alone have shifted dramatically. Prior to 1979, for example, American foreign and security policies were in place to secure its interests (Saudi Arabia and Israel) from Baghdad. From 1979 to 1991, American foreign policies toward Iraq remained the same, but its security policies shifted to accommodate Iraqi military suppression of post-revolutionary Iran. From 1991 to 2003, both foreign and security policies shifted to those of aggression and financial seclusion. It should be noted that until 1991, these foreign policy shifts were executed at the whim of three American presidents. Iran followed the same path, with pre-1979 Tehran under Reza Shah Pahlavi serving as a vital blockage to Soviet expansionism. Following the Islamic Revolution of 1979, security policy was hostile toward and sought to exclude Tehran by funding Saddam Hussein. Foreign policy changed during the Contra Scandal, wherein American military leaders sold Tehran various munitions and weapons in direct subterfuge of Washingtonââ¬â¢s official military support of Baghdad; weapons were sold to a lesser evil (Iran) in order to fund covert operations in support of Nicaraguan right-wing guerrillas. Managuaââ¬â¢s leftist-government was thought to be the latest expansion of Soviet influence and was hence a closer threat in physical proximity than the rise of the radical Islamic government of Tehran which was equally opposed to the Soviets at the time. All this transpired, again, without minimal monitoring by an international body. The greatest irony of the aforementioned events, however, is the perception of their respective successes and failures. America succeeded without international intervention in the pacification and dismantlement of the Soviet Union; however, todayââ¬â¢s chaotic Middle East was a corollary, including the 9/11 attacks that changed forever the security and foreign policies of the United States. The current wars waged by America and what allies remain are again largely conducted without the support or monitoring by the UN or any other international body, and it remains to be seen how the future will unfold. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bilgin, Pinar. (2005) Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective.London: Taylor Francis Routledge. Buzan, Barry and Ole Waever. (2003) Regions and Powers: The Structure ofInternational Security. Cambridge: Cambridge U P. Myers, Robert John. (1999) US Foreign Policy in the Twenty-first Century: TheRelevance of Realism. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State U P. Wilson, Ernest J. (2004) Diversity and US Foreign Policy: A Reader. New York:Taylor Francis Routledge. 1 Footnotes [1] Myers 1999, p. 98 [2] Ibid [3] Myers 1999, p. 98 [4] Wilson 2004, p. 127 [5] Bilgin 2005, p. 140 [6] Bilgin 2005, p. 140 [7] Buzan and Waever 2003, p. 198 [8] Buzan and Waever 2003, p. 197
Friday, January 17, 2020
Behaviorism-reinforcement
It is difficult if not possible to measure whatââ¬â¢s going on in a studentââ¬â¢s mind at a specific moment. The students appeared to be paying attention were actually thinking non-academic issues, is not interested, is not motivated, is preoccupied with himself, among many other reason for non participation at school. Reinforcement rooted in the classic work of James Watson and B. F. Skinner. My discussion will include techniques, for increasing, decreasing, and maintaining behavior. There are many things to consider in the application of reinforcement so as to elicit behavior or the desired behavior.To give into consideration is that, reinforcement is more effective when it is immediate. If a response of a student is no longer reinforced, as in ignoring a given answer of a student every time a teacher throws a question or unintentionally took it for granted, the learner if again called his attention to give his answer will eventually given up the response. Another is, desired action are encouraged by a reinforcement specifically social reinforcement, which typically include attention can be verbal or nonverbal. For example, the expression on your face can carry an unmistakable message to a student.Usually, however, social reinforcers are verbal either accompanying some other form of reinforcement (ââ¬Å"John, you can act as class monitor because of the way you behave in gymâ⬠) or taking the forms of words or phrase that signal your pleasure about the specific behavior. Social reinforcers expression, contact, proximity, privileges, and words. Giving positive remarks as the reinforcement every time the student performed better, finished a task or cooperate in the school activities are helpful in strengthening the students behavior or the possibilities of the repetition of the same positive behavior.A very shy child may find it difficult to join into classroom activities, specially if the school experience is new to her. The teacherââ¬â¢s role is to involve the child in the classroom activities. The childââ¬â¢s behavior should only be recognized when she is at the activity, though not necessarily participating. For example, when the child sits with the group at circle time, sits at a table where manipulative games or arts projects are provided.An activity within easy reach, when she is within easy reach of an activity, reinforce her, by praising and recognizing her behavior. Provide a reinforcement for every involvement in classroom activities as you notice it. A good reinforcement starts out with continuous reinforcement at the beginning stage of learning. Tangible reinforcers such as cookies and badges for young students or notes to parents or certificates for older students are just few examples which are necessary in the appliance of reinforcement so as to achieved desired outcome.In giving reinforcement, as progress in the skill or behavior develops, less emphasis should be placed on tangible reinforcers, such as foo d and tokens, while more emphasis should be given to social reinforcers, such as praise and attention. Reinforcement is given only after the learner gains sufficient skill at a task, be it participating in group work or writing, that later be strengthened or reinforced that later becomes automatic and habitual. Constant reinforcement means reinforcing the behavior of the student every time he participates.Applying a continuous reinforcement produces best results especially in new learning or conditioning situations. In education, we invoke behaviorism by awarding grades for various levels of performance that the more a student manifests interest in school/ classroom the more the behavior is reinforced so as to expect the same responses or behavior. If you wish to use positive reinforcers, and we all do, deliberately or otherwise, then you must be aware of how you use them. The following should put into consideration first; consider the age, interest, and needs of the students.Pieces of candy are not too motivating for adolescents, but they must be great for first-graders; know precisely the behavior you wish to strengthen and make your reinforcers sufficiently desirable; list potential reinforcers that you think would be desirable; vary your reinforcers and keep record of the effectiveness of various reinforcers on individual students. Positive reinforcement is a powerful principle and can be applied to great advantage in the classroom. All of us who teach, from the preschool to the doctoral level, use positive reinforcement.We must avoid, however, making students too dependent on the reinforcement we provide, particularly if we have initiated structured programs for students. We want them to work for those reinforcers that are natural to them. Punishment is a stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. It can be use to reduced inappropriate behavior but should be done sparingly as even psychologists advice itââ¬â¢s application in moderation. For instance, giving deductions or minuses on the accumulated grade in assignment every time a student misbehave e.g. shouting while the class in going on, decreases the likelihood of the behavior to be repeated. But when a student is not rewarded for appropriate or adaptive behavior, inappropriate or maladaptive behavior may become increasingly dominant, then punishment sinks in to eliminate such undesirable behavior. Sometimes, however, when the goal is to reduce or eliminate misbehavior, teachers consider using punishment (aversive procedures). A word of warning. Donââ¬â¢t fall into the trap of relying punishment.Itââ¬â¢s easy; it frequently works for a short time (although not as well with the secondary school students); and gives you a feeling of having established control. Punishment can destroy rapport with the students if excessively used, it produces a ripple effect that touches all students and affects oneââ¬â¢s teaching and it may have side effects of which a teacher is unaware. In general, reinforcing alternative behavior is a far better method than punishment. Sources: Elliot et al. ,(2004). Educational psychology 3rd ed. USA: McGrawHill. Essa,V. (1999). A practical guide to solving preschool behavior problems. New York:Delm
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Essay on Lord of the Flies-Piggy - 1247 Words
ââ¬Å"Sucks To Your Ass-mar!â⬠The conch, glasses, and brains are all symbols in Lord of the Flies by William Golding. In this novel, a group of school kids crash into a deserted island and fight wilderness, fear, and themselves to survive. Piggy, being one of the most vital characters in their survival, is often disrespected and overlooked. This is persistent throughout the novel, and can be attributed to his weight and nerdy appearance. Generally, Piggy means well, and tries to help the boyââ¬â¢s survival on the island. Piggy, an extremely complex and intelligent character, contributes to the boyââ¬â¢s survival by using logic and brains. Piggy, along with being the brains of the island, is also a very complex and misunderstood boy. ââ¬Å"Piggy is aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Without Piggyââ¬â¢s horrible eye sight, and him needing to wear glasses, the boys would never have been able to start a fire, a fire that ultimately led to their rescue. This is very ironic considering Piggy was killed before he would ever see rescueâ⬠¦ a rescue that without him would never have happened. Golding did this to reinforce the importance of Piggy in the novel. It showed that no matter how useless he may have seemed, he still was the one that helped the most, in the long run. He was the most important boy to be on that island. He, in reality, saved Jack, an abusive boy who harassed him ever since they crashed, and Roger, the boy who threw stones, and the boy who murdered the innocent Piggy. ââ¬Å"Though Piggy reaches his greatest stature at the moment of his death, it is also the moment of his greatest blindness, rendered for us at a level far deeper than his lost spectaclesâ⬠. (Kinead-Weekes. Mark. 43). Piggy was completely blindsided from Rogersââ¬â¢s boulder. This moment in the novel makes readers realize the tragedy of Piggyââ¬â¢s death. The shattering of the glasses represents his knowledge and insight turning to dust, all in front of th e very people he saves, from the cage that is the island. The conch was also with him at the moment of his death. This is significant because it symbolizes the shattering of all that Piggy believed in. He truly believed the conch would save him from anything on the island, and in the end it simply did notShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Character Piggy in Lord of the Flies1368 Words à |à 6 PagesPiggy saw the smile and misinterpreted it as friendliness. There had grown up tacitly among the biguns the opinion that Piggy was an outsider, not only by accent, which did not matter, but by fat, and ass-mar, and specs, and a certain disinclination for manual labour. (Golding 68) The character Piggy in William Goldings novel Lord of the Flies serves as the intellectual balance to the emotional leaders of a group of shipwrecked British boys. Ironically, their new society values physical qualitiesRead More lord of the flies piggy analysis Essay562 Words à |à 3 Pages Piggy Character Analysis nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Piggy in the beginning of the book was using his common sense, he was intelligent, he knew what was right from wrong, and he could condone things that made him angry easily. In the beginning of the book, (pg. ) Ralph told everyone his name was Piggy even though Piggy specifically told Ralph that he didnt like to be called that name Piggy later condoned Ralphs action with great ease. Piggys actions and behavior depended on his glasses.Read MorePiggy Character Analysis - Lord of the Flies Essay985 Words à |à 4 Pagesare the weak, unpopular, failure types. In the book ââ¬Å"Lord of the Fliesâ⬠by William Golding the character that stood out to me most was Piggy. He was the boy whose real name was never mentioned, but his real name wouldnââ¬â¢t be as symbolic as the nickname he had throughout the book. Throughout the earlier chapters I pictured Piggy as the run of the mill loser that wasnââ¬â¢t cool enough to share snacks with in school even if he had the tastiest ones. Piggy is a very obedient character that always followed hisRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Essay1080 Words à |à 5 PagesLord of the Flies Essay ââ¬Å"Maybe there is a beastâ⬠¦ maybe its only us.â⬠(Golding [Page 50]) The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is a novel that goes much deeper than a group of 12 year old boys stranded on an island. Throughout the book Golding portrays symbols and constant themes which show how he feels about the human race; that there is an inner beast inside everyone and no matter who you are, it will eventually get exposed. Golding also shows symbols throughout the book which represent theRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Goldingââ¬â¢s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies Essay1673 Words à |à 7 PagesLord of the Flies was published in 1954 by William Golding. Today Lord of the Flies is a well known literary criticism. Many schools require their students to read Lord of the Flies because of the literary criticisms in the book. In this paper three themes or literary criticisms are talked about: good vs. evil, symbolism of characters, and maturity of characters. Another topic in Goldings Lord of the Flies is the battle of good vs. evil. Everything seems to start out just fine on the island; theRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis733 Words à |à 3 Pages Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies has symbols throughout the story, each character brings a different point of view. Piggy, Ralph, and Jack take a leading role with all the boys, although they vote Ralph in charge both of the other boys take a leadership position. Goulding uses the boys to show the faults of mankind and the roots of all evil. Four symbols Goulding used in the novel were: Piggyââ¬â¢s glasses, the Conch Shell, The Beast, and Simonââ¬â¢s hiding place. Therefore, the symbols show the trueRead MoreLord of the Flies: World War IIs Impact Essay1064 Words à |à 5 PagesLord of the Flies: World War IIââ¬â¢s Impact Lord of the Flies by William Golding was influenced strongly by his experiences as a naval officer during World War II. Goldingââ¬â¢s wartime service gave him a darker and more realistic look on life, and contributed to the novelââ¬â¢s imagery. As Golding described, World War II woke him up from his falsified beliefs about human nature by showing him the true human condition (ââ¬Å"Lord of the Flies,â⬠Novels 175). Lord of the Flies, as Golding explained, is ââ¬Å"an attemptRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between Romeo and Juliet and Lord of the Flies1676 Words à |à 7 PagesJack goes from hesitating to kill a pig to being able to viciously kill them â⬠¢ Jack rejects Ralphââ¬â¢s authority and does not respect him â⬠¢ Ralph talks to Piggy and Simon and tells them of their need for adults â⬠¢ One of the ââ¬Å"littunsâ⬠, Phil, die in a big fire â⬠¢ Fighting and Arguing gets worse between Ralph and Jack who has form a ââ¬Å"gangâ⬠of hunters â⬠¢ Piggy is killed ââ¬â Stone rolling and knocking him off a cliff â⬠¢ Simon is killed ââ¬â when he is mistaken for the ââ¬Å"beastâ⬠â⬠¢ Ralph was about to be hunted and killedRead MoreEssay On The Conch Shell In Lord Of The Flies946 Words à |à 4 PagesSymbolism Essay Some actions made my individuals not only has an effect on the people around them, but the objects close by as well. This important object or sign, can all be based upon the people using it, and also be in relation to its environment and surroundings. In the novel, The Lord of the Flies, the author, William Golding uses a conch shell to represent different meanings throughout his novel. The message in each of the different meanings of the conch, show how a group of young, British
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Relevant Audit Procedures and Evidences in Verifying the Transaction Accounting in Auto World Free Essay Example, 2000 words
There are, however, two conditions Auto World must meet before accounting for Pit Stop as a separate component and these are the conditions on whether Pit Stop shall be reported as a discontinued operations (SFAS No. 144, Par. 42) or not. These two conditions, according to Par. 42 of SFAS No. 144, are that Pit Stop s operations and cash flows will be significantly eliminated after the sale and that Auto World will have no significant influence on Pit Stop s future operations. The second condition was already met based on the declaration of Auto World that the royalty agreement does not give Auto World significant influence over the operations of Pit Stop. As to the first condition on the elimination of operations and cash flows, we use here as a basis the contents of EITF Issue No. 3 13. According to EITF Issue No. 3 13, if the cash flows will be considered direct and significant to the total operations of Auto World as per its definition, the sold operations will not be consider ed a discontinued one. In Auto World s case, the royalty fees that it will receive after the disposition of Pit Stop are not direct cash flows as these are not the same as those generated by Pit Stop prior to its disposal. We will write a custom essay sample on Relevant Audit Procedures and Evidences in Verifying the Transaction Accounting in Auto World or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This can be done through the following: (1) inquire from management the business purpose of Pit Stop, how Pit Stop relates to the rest of the operations of Auto World and how management analyzes the operations and financial results of Pit Stop.
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