Marketing Positioning - 1012 Words

What is positioning? How has the organisation that you have selected positioned their product? As we all know that, there are three steps in target marketing which are market segmentation, market targeting and market positioning. According to Kotler (2010), the definition of product position is â€Å"the way the product is defined by consumer on important attributes – the place the product occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing product† (P280). Furthermore, in principle, a brand must have something special in order to be remembered by the target market. As a consequence, a clear position in the prospect’s mind should be one of the most important goals in marketing strategies because it will make their products have the greatest†¦show more content†¦This is their services differentiation. Secondly, CLINIQUE also have image differentiation. CLINIQUE male skin products have a special dark package and under the â€Å"CLINIQUE†, there are a sentence â€Å"skin suppies for men†, this is particularly from other brand. As we all know that, CLINIQUE has a high standard quality male skin care product whereas the prices of them are not expensive so CLINIQUE is very affordable. To sum up, marketers always use competitive advantages to enhance their product performance. More specifically, CLINIQUE has its own competitive advantage which is high quality, golden standard personalized services and special brand image. Positioning outcome is the final steps of market positioning. Positioning is the way that the consumer understands about the brand instead of what the seller wants to be remembered by the target market (Tudor et. al, 2012). The brand must deliver some specific benefits and specific meaning of their product to the target market. For CLINIQUE male skin care product, they are concentrated on some product founded on their dermatological heritage and it is crucial in the world, this is one of the specific elements of the product. Furthermore, there is a special three-steps-skin care process for male that they can make the choice more efficiency by following these steps. This is the other specific benefit that CLINIQUE have for male.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Positioning1419 Words   |  6 Pagesstrange word, â€Å"positioning.† Its origins are shrouded in the fog of history. The popular marketing writers, Jack Trout and Al Ries, started talking about position or positioning in 1972 or thereabouts, and took credit later for having invented positioning. However, I believe that positioning was an emerging concept and a term, in at least limited use, within the marketing and advertising community at the time that Trout and Ries first wrote about it. Certainly, the basic concepts of positioning were notRead MoreMarketing Positioning1254 Words   |  6 PagesNon Urban, income is medium to high | Sociable, Friendly, Gregarious | Average | Economical Snackers | U.S.A | Larger Families, Better educated, income is low to medium | Self assured, price oriented | Average | Market Targeting In target marketing the seller distinguishes the major market segments, targets one or more of these segments, and develops products and services tailored to each selected segment (Wright amp; Esslemont, 1994). Terra Chips’ target market is â€Å"Nutritional Snackers†Read MoreMarketing Communication (Brand positioning).1888 Words   |  8 PagesBrand positioning is an attempt to create and maintain a unique representation of the brand in customers mind, a representation that is expected to stimulate choice of that brand (Rossiter, 2005, p.42). Positioning, in fact, refers to how customers think about different brands in a market. Through brand positioning a company attempts to build a sustainable competitive advantage on product attributes in the consumers mind. Nevertheless, developing a successful positioning strategy is not easyRead MorePositioning and Marketing Mix2743 Words   |  11 Pagesmust take effective measures to deliver and communicate the chosen position to target consumers. Marketing mix efforts should be synchronized to back the positioning strategy. If the company wants to build a position on better quality and service, it must first take necessary action t o deliver that position. Tactical details of the positioning strategy must be worked out to guide the designing of marketing mix-product, price, place and promotion. A company that chooses a â€Å"high-quality position† mustRead MorePositioning: Marketing and Product5093 Words   |  21 PagesBrand Positioning Submitted by: Rishi Dewan PGDM-Marketing (DCP) IMT Ghaziabad Contents Introduction 2 Process of Positioning 3 Strategies of Positioning 5 Positioning by Product attributes 5 Positioning by Quality 5 Positioning by Price 6 Positioning by User Category 7 Positioning by Use 8 Positioning by Competitor 9 Positioning by Celebration 10 Positioning Errors: 11 1. Under-positioning 11 2. Over Positioning 11 3. Confused positioning 12 4Read MoreApple and Marketing Positioning Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesMarketers manage product positioning by focusing their marketing activities on a positioning strategy. This essay will discuss the multiple factors that are crucial to optimal market positioning. The factors that impact the chosen organisation, Apple, and the chosen product, laptop computers, include market segmentation, market positioning, and the marketing mix, which comprises price, promotion, place and product. Established in the United States of America in April 1976, Apple Inc is a multinationalRead MorePositioning Strategy For The Marketing Program830 Words   |  4 PagesPositioning refers to the act of distinguishing a brand in customer’s minds relative to a competing brand in terms of the benefits and attributes that the brand offers, Keegan and Green (2005). According to Aaker and Shansby (2001), positioning goes far beyond the image that a marketer may want to conjure up in the mind of customers. Positioning can be viewed as a principle asset to a brand strategy, as all elements of the marketing program can potentially affect the effectiveness of any positioningRead MoreMarketing and Positioning Eureka Facts3041 Words   |  13 PagesSegmentation - Targeting – Positioning Eureka Facts, The Smart Marketing Information. 1 SEGMENTATION – TARGETING – POSITIONING BY: JORGE A. RESTREPO President Principal Researcher EurekaFacts LLC The strategic marketing planning process flows from a mission and vision statement to the selection of target markets, and the formulation of specific marketing mix and positioning objective for each product or service the organization will offer. Leading authors like Kotler present the organizationRead MoreMarketing - Positioning Your Brand6468 Words   |  26 PagesClean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning 1 Index 1. Synopsis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 2. Situation Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 3. Alternative Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 4. Position Strategy, with explanation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 5. Marketing mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 6. Expected Outcomes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 7. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 - 22 2 Synopsis: BasedRead MoreMarketing Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesof a targeted market. 3. Discuss what is meant by positioning using two example of a business positioned in differing market sectors Marketing consists of a range of techniques designed to sell a product/service. It focuses on customers and their needs, firms generally undertake research aimed at finding out about their customer’s requirements. A well planned marketing campaign involves a range of methods including; market positioning, Market planning, identification of target markets and

Cleanliness Recycling and Comprehensive National High Free Essays

CLEANLINESS By: Edgardo Eleccion ( GCCNHS) The often quoted saying is â€Å"Cleanliness is next to Godliness†. People are so busy thinking what possible solution to make in order to maintain cleanliness for a worldwide issue. The air, water and soil are not polluted. We will write a custom essay sample on Cleanliness: Recycling and Comprehensive National High or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the very issue of cleanliness that need an immediate action, a problem to be addressed. Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School ( GCCNHS) community has campaigned on zero waste management program on waste segregation by bio and non-biodegradable scheme. Stakeholders either direct and indirect have been oriented on this scheme on waste segregation. However, students either young or old still can’t follow simple instructions. A kind of system within a person to discipline him to do what is good in saving the environment and saving the generation ahead. United Nations and some of the environmental friendly establishments and organizations have join forces to launch a program for a greener world. The join effort is now part of their mission in their business and organization. However, if one is not performing its task to save this planet, then who else would clean up our mess? We should not wait for others to do the task, today is the right time. Sometimes our mind set reflects our own actions. Do we mind the earth we are living now? Are we ready to pass this world to the next generation after us? What else should we do to give this legacy a worthwhile for them? Symposium, memorandum, policies, bills, laws and rules have been done even in school and communities. Reduction, reforestation, redirection, recycle and reuse policies have been adopted. Still we continue making dirt to this paradise God given gift to us. This world is the package of our existence. This is not ours. We just borrow this. We live this for free, is it not proper to clean the earth we lend form the Maker? Edgardo Eleccion is a secondary teacher of Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School ( GCCNHS) Gingoog City, Philippines. He is a Values Education Teacher. How to cite Cleanliness: Recycling and Comprehensive National High, Papers

Biology Molecule Essay Example For Students

Biology Molecule Essay Unit 1 -man is high 50s to 60% water -distribution in body divided into 3compartments: 1) intracellular 28 litres 2) intercellular/interstitial fluid 11 litres 80% 3) blood plasma 3 litres 20% -women contain less water thanmen -organisms can contain 60-80% water -bacteria have lots of water -fat cellshave little -waters properties result from its structure and molecularinteractions -water is polar -polar covalent bonds and asymmetrical shape giveit opposite charges on opposite sides -electrons spend more time around O givingH a slight positive charge -hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen of onemolecule and the hydrogen of another -cohesion: substance being held together byhydrogen bonds -hydrogen bonds are transient yet enough is always held togetherto give water more structure than almost any other liquid -beads and meniscusformed by cohesion (also helps upward transport of water in plants) -adhesioncounteracts downward pull of gravity -water has greater surface tension thanmo st liquids -surface molecules are hydrogen bonded to molecules below andaround them -surface tension can hinder life (i.e. beading in the alveoli oflungs) -makes water unwettable -surfactants used to counteract this -waterhas a high specific heat which allows it to resist extreme temperature changes-has a high heat of vaporization that causes it to require alot of energy tochange states -when sweating, heat energy is utilized to change states fromliquid to gas, causing a drop in temperature -as a solid water is less densethan as a liquid and will float -charged regions of molecules have an electricalattraction to charged ions -water surrounds ions separating and shielding themfrom one another -polar compounds are generally soluble -charged regions ofwater are attracted to oppositely charged regions of other polar molecules-polar molecules are miscible in other polar liquids -most water moleculesdont dissociate (~ 1/554 million do) -hydrogen atom in hydrogen bond betweenthe two water molecules may shift from the oxygen atom it is covalently bondedto the unshared orbitals of the oxygen that it is hydrogen bonded to -hydrogenion is transferred creating a hydronium ion and leaving a hydroxide ion -thesolvent is water itself -at equilibrium water is not dissociated -at equilibriumin pure water at 25oC = -pH of this solution is 7 (neutral) -high pH= low acidity -acids are substances that increase the relative and removeOH- because it tends to combine with H+ to form water if * , it isacidic and has a pH between 0 and 7 -bases are substances that reduce therelative in a solution -it may increase the -if * , it isbasic and has a pH greater than 7 -buffers are important in the body to keep thepH range between 6 and 8 -pH of blood is between 7.34 and 7.44 -mustnt shiftbelow 7.2 or acidosis will occur -some body zones may have a pH as low as 0.5 oras high as 10 -buffers minimize sudden changes and are a combo of hydrogendonors and hydrogen acceptors -ions are a ccepted when in excess and donated whenin short supply -in biological systems an example is the bicarbonate buffer -inresponse to a rise in pH, the carbonic acid dissociates to form a carbonate ionand a hydrogen proton -if there is a drop, it is reversed (pH up = to right, pHdown = to left) -equilibrium is established but it is always moving to the leftor the right -a balance is the optimum pH -other body buffers include proteinmolecules which donate and accept amino acids to stabilize pH -most of the restof organisms is made up of carbon based compounds like carbs, lipids, proteins,nucleic acids -carbon compounds are known as organic -vitalism is the belief ina life force outside the control of chemical laws -this has been disproved aswater, ammonia, hydrogen and methane have been combined in a lab to form organicsubstances -C+O+H = carbohydrates -C+H+N = amino acids, urea, proteins, lipids-carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks -each has 4 valences wherebonds can form -carbon chains form the skeleton of most organic molecules -maybe straight or branched, long or short, or in closed rings -hydrocarbons containonly hydrogen and carbon -they form when organic matter decomposes andfunctional groups break off leaving a skeleton -hydrocarbon chains, branches,and rings can be modified by other elements which are joined on in a particularmatter -these are components of organic molecules that are often involved inchemical reactions -they replace 1 or more hydrogens in a hydrocarbonCarbohydrates: -sugars and starches -nonsugars: plant starch, animal starch,cellulose, chitin -come from pasta, rice, flour, fruit, syrups -important sourceof energy, can be oxidized to release energy, improves your mood -contain C, H,and O, with generally 2 times as much H as O -sugar names usually end with -ose,and are named depending on the number of carbons in them (e.g. triose, pentose)-6 carbon sugars, hexoses, are most important -general formula is C6H12O6, andin living systems, the state is aqueous -solids exist in chains, and liquids asrings -the molecular formula is the same for different hexoses, but thestructural formula differs -other isomers of glucose can be reorganized by cellsinto alpha glucose, and then oxidized -glucose is the major nutrient for cellsand its carbon skeleton is raw material for the synthesis of other organicsDisaccharides: -2 hexose sugars-most common are: sucrose, lactose and maltose-glucose + glucose = maltose + water -glucose + fructose = sucrose + water-glucose + galactose = lactose + water -this process is known as condensation ordehydration synthesis -synthesis of disaccharides doesnt happen in the humanbody, but usually they are eaten and digested, through a process known ashydrolysis or disaccharidases Polysaccharides: -these are macromolecules thatare made by condensation when monosaccharides are joined -general molecularformula isC6H12O5 -common polysaccharides are amylose, amylopectin (plantstarch), glycogen ( animal starch), cellulose (cell wall material), chitin(leathery covering of invertebrates) -plants use glucose to grow, and extra isstored in the roots in a soluble form which is then reactivated in the spring this reactivates the growing process year after year -animal starch is stored inspecial cells (average person has a 24 hour supply) and can readily be convertedinto glucose for use -cellulose and chitin are structural carbohydrates -amyloseis formed when glucose molecules join in a 1-4 linkage pattern -first carbon ofone glucose links to the fourth carbon of another -this is a covalent bond or aglycosiolic link -bond is angular and forms a spiral called an alpha helix -ifit branches, amylopectin is formed -cellulose is a 1-4 linkage of beta glucose-this creates a straight strand and not a helix -these bonds are rigid andrequire special enzymes (cellulase) to break them -the position of the betaglucose molecules alternates Lipids: -humans rarely eat pure lipids -cellmembranes a re primarily lipid and lipids can easily enter cells, carrying afoods flavor with them -a diet should have less than 30% fat, 55-65% carbs,and 10-15% protein -lipids are important as a source of energy, insulation(adipose tissue), cushions for the internal organs, as a lubricant, as anemulsifying agent (cholesterol in bile), as a structural component of cells (1/6of brain is fat), cholesterol as a precursor molecule for vitamin D, cortisone,testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen -lipids are simplest biologicalmolecules and are composed mostly of C, H and a few Os -they are energy richbecause of the high C to H ratio -fat consists of a glycerol molecule connectedby ester bonds to a 3 fatty acid molecule (this is a tryglyceride) -if the bondsbetween the carbons are single bonds, the fatty acid is saturated (fat formed isa saturate) -if they have multiple bonds, it is an unsaturated fat -apolysaturate is more than one fatty acid held together by single bonds -multiplebonds can be bro ken and extra hydrogens added through hydrogenation -shortchained fats of unsaturated fatty acids are soft with a low b.p. -long chainedfats of saturated fatty acids are harder with a high b.p. -length of chainsaffects boiling point the most -to make an oil from a solid, you musthydrogenate it Steroids: -saturated fatty acids can be converted to the steroidcholesterol -triglycerides are monitored more closely in the blood thancholesterol -the amount of saturates converted to cholesterol is genetic-abnormal genes can cause excessive production (1 gene = severe heart disease, 2= shortened life span) -liver produces cholesterol -steroids have a 5 ring shape-examples are androgens, estrogens, and cortisone Proteins: -there are 20 aminoacids, 8 of which are essential and can be converted into any of the other 12-protein rich foods are digested into amino acids and the body absorbs them tomake their own proteins -liver cells convert them into absent aminos =transaminofication -proteins ar e synthesized on ribosomes in the cytoplasms ofcells or on polysomes (ribosome chains0 -DNA codes proteins by copying its infoonto a shorter strand known as mRNA (m = a message to synthesize a protein) -themessage is received and a protein is synthesized -for synthesis all 20 arerequired -number, sequence and type of amino acids making up the protein is theprimary structure this is determined by DNA -secondary structure is thecoiling or pleating of amino acid chains, caused by rigid peptide bonds whichare bent by strong intermolecular attraction between hydrogens and oxygens ofevery fourth amino this results in a regular, repeating twist or an alphahelix-chains lie parallel to one another and form hydrogen bonds between themselves this is a beta sheet but is not very common -secondary structure is determinedby intermolecular bonds -tertiary structure refers to the folds in the coiledchain -this is called by a thiol called cysteine this can form a bridge whenit meets another cyste ine -when 2 cysteines meet, a disulfide link is formed-insulin has 6 cysteine amino acids and forms 3 bridges and a slightly globularprotein -the more cysteine amino acids there are, the more folds or joints thatresult and the more globular the protein is -globular proteins are thedoers that function because they have a particular shape due to thecysteine-cysteine sulfur bridges -some proteins may be a bunch of polypeptidechains close together -this is quaternary structure, which very few proteinshave -all proteins have a primary and secondary structure, but few have atertiary structure, and even fewer a quaternary -proteins can be 50-50,000 aminoacids long -amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, a covalent bond between theC of one amino acid and the N of a neighbour -a polypeptide chain is a string ofaminos not long enough to be a protein -amino acids are so named because oftheir two functional groups, the amine group and the carboxylic acid groupNucleic Acids: -all living cells contain DNA and RNA -these carry instructionsfor making proteins and specify the sequence in which amino acids should belinked together -DNA and RNA are polynucleotides, polymers of nucleotides-nucleotides consist of a phosphate group + a pentose + a nitrogenous base -theycan be linked together by condensation to form a polynucleotide -if a nucleotidecontains ribose, it becomes Ribo Nucleic Acid -these are always just a singlestrand, but may be looped into 3 dimensional shapes -if the nucleotide containsdeoxyribose, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid results -DNA molecules are far longer thanRNA molecules, and can never contain Uracil -4 possible bases are adenine,guanine, cytosine, and thymine -DNA molecules contain two polynucleotidestrands, held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases -hydrogen bonds canonly be formed between specific base pairs: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine-a sense strand is a sequence of bases that tells the order in which to stringtogether the amino acids -a le ngth of DNA coding the sequence for a polypeptideis called a gene -three bases, a codon, specify an amino acid -there are 64possible arrangements of bases in a codon -polypeptides are made when 2 strandsof DNA split up and an RNA molecule builds up against the sense strand -basesequence of RNA must match that of the DNA molecule -a complete RNA moleculethen peels off and travels to the location where polypeptides are made -sequenceof bases on a DNA molecule is the same for a human or a bacteria OtherNucleotides: -a slightly different version of one of the nucleotides that formsRNA is ATP -ATP contains ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups instead of 1-phosphate groups may be lost one at a time to make ADP (di) or AMP (mono) -allliving cells make ATP as an energy currency, it is produced constantly -ATPmolecules usually last less than a minute before being broken down -~40 kg isproduced in a day -if a cell needs energy, it hydrolyses ATP and releases energyin small packets NAD: -con tains ribose sugar, adenine and 2 nucleotides -onenucleotide does not contain any of the 5 bases, but instead a nicotinamide ring-they can accept hydrogens and become NADH -hydrogens are accepted or passed onduring respiration or photosynthesis. The Importance of a Formal Education Essay

Science Editorial free essay sample

Science Editorial Science A word that has an Infinite amount of possibilities. Science has changed over the decades, centuries even, but in my perspective, science is still the same thing. It is the connection between everything around us. People, animals, plants, the past, the future and even the simple piece of paper you threw away. Science is a vast topic with endless facts and theories, which a great number of people have thought of in the past and will think about in the future. Science motivates us, a reason to keep going and to explore the world around us. All the facts and beliefs about science Is Important as every mistake we made, we learn a bit more knowledge than before. Science is important to me because it is basically how I interact with the world, an example of which, after learning about the human body, I understood how males and female differ a bit more than I used to. We will write a custom essay sample on Science Editorial or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Science affects us in every way possible, at home, in Winnipeg, In Canada and even the whole world. The world our ancestors lived in is long gone and has drastically changed In area, population and other various things. Their belief about the Earth being flat has been promen wrong, the Egyptian belief their god travelled every morning and night carrying the sun, other planets have been spotted besides our own Earth, all in all; theories have been promen true yet others have been said to be false. The effect science has brought us since then is change. As our science improved, we uncovered pieces of the worlds past and possible futures. Some past facts or beliefs; the Earth was born to what was known as the Big Bang Theory, and our continents used to be known as one giant upper continent called Pangaea. The effect of science has gradually changed our way of thinking and increased our potentials. In my neighborhood, science is diverse. The children recycling in school and helping pick up trash helps our community stay clean and even bigger, helps lessen pollution around us. Though science produces good effects, it also brought upon us unfortunate results, factories near Winnipeg, their garbage, gases, and all the wasteful bacteria released harms us just as much. The third environmental principle states, everything Is connected to everything else. If bacteria or harmful substances find a way Into our ecosystem, our plants will be unhealthy, the animals that ate those plants will get sick and we end up killing those animals without knowing their well-being, eat them and all the bad nutrients we received are then in our bodies.. All types of life forms are important, and nowadays, it seems my own neighborhood forgets that. Science can be a double-edged sword, to everyone around us, even In my neighborhood. My family and I are affected by science Just Like anyone else; technology has Improved and came up with heaters irk conditioners for winter and summer when the weather is harsh so my family can feel comfortable when the worlds temperatures varies. The time when every single member of my family grew up, science has changed them. From the time we were born, when we were toddlers, when we went through the embarrassing stage of puberty, adolescence and into adulthood. Science affects not only ourselves, but also the way my family cares for each other. Since I live In Canada, I benefit a lot from different things. However, for people in very rural areas, I guess it would be the opposite. For a person in Africa, pollution is everywhere. We are playing with our iPads, but on the other side of the world, they have no idea what internet is. Its sad to know science isnt being shared equally around the world. Science is constant change and I believe science will change in a way we well learn more about ourselves than we knew. That doesnt necessarily mean I expect were going to discover new diseases/cures or new parts of our body in the future. But I hope that as time passes, we discover the other heavenly bodies in our solar system. Science can only take us o far, but some of the stars and galaxies are yet to be discovered. In the future, I believe we can finally be able to send a team of scientists to uncover the secrets of the even bigger world around us. Science is everywhere; the simple tree outside my window is one ecosystem, home for tiny little organisms. Other examples of science in the trees: photosynthesis in the leaves, the growth of fruits on its branches and its appearance during the different seasons. Every person I see is also a part of science. Their human bodies, different body structures, genes, blood type and their growth- ll of it is a part of science. It is impossible not to find science in our everyday life, as science is everywhere. My favorite area of science is definitely the human body. Though I cant handle blood and stuff like that, I find the things about our different body systems fascinating. Knowing how each body system is co-dependent to another system shows me how capable the human body actually is. My favorite system would probably be the circulatory system. The blood traveling around the body carrying nutrients, oxygen, wastes and other things, is so cool to me. I never knew how much blood really mattered until I learned about the body systems in grade 4 in the Philippines. In the future, science will again change and it will most likely be different from what we know right now. Though some facts are already proved, we cant really be too sure on what is going on around this world. All we can do right now is to stay, look back and marvel at how science changed and will change the world. 7 environmental principles I learned from my old school in the Philippines http:// beta. pemsea. org/topics/youth

American Dream Synthesis Essay Essays

American Dream Synthesis Essay Essays American Dream Synthesis Essay Essay American Dream Synthesis Essay Essay Essay Topic: Synthesis B. J. Ann Period 3 10/31/13 When you come to America you are automatically thinking its some paradise and that youre about to live and fulfill the America Dream. The American Dream was probably developed in the US by someone coming to America and was able to get an education, a Job, and create a good life for themselves. It seems that now the American Dream isnt how is used to be, you dont have equal opportunities, not everyone can go to school, and if you fail at something youre looked down upon. My personal definition of the American Dream is that when youre coming to America oure expecting to have all these opportunities and make a life for yourself thats safe and where you will be treated equal and like a human being no matter where you come from. Personally, I think that the American Dream is accessible to those who are able to have a good life and push themselves to take chances and all opportunities that come at them. But its not accessible to those who think that failure is a dirty word and when they fail they Just give up and everyone including themselves loses hope. Also to those who cant even get these opportunities because of their parents or where they come from. When people are living the American Dream, you think that failure is out of the questions, if you fail you cant live your dreams, or anything and that you should Just give up. The Right to Fail by William Zinesser proves that the American Dream is accessible even if/when you fail once or even multiple times. The text says, Release him from the pressure of attaining certain goals by a certain age- he has a good chance of becoming g our national idol. This supports my claim because it shows that is youre pressured, you cant do what you should and when you are calm and elaxed, so many possibilities can happen and you can be whoever you want. They Live the Dream, by Dan Rather explains how if you fail, dont give up and that when something really bad happens if you dont give up, you can still live your dream. The article talks about a guy, named Oscar Acosta, was an amazing pitcher and had everything he could dream for but, when a torn rotator cuff ended his patching career, his life spiraled out of control, and he had, Just given up, but he did make it to the majors as a pitching coach. This quote supports my claim by how the text epresents that when you have every thing that youVe ever wanted in your grasp, anything can happen and it can all be taken away from you instantly but if you dont give up, many possibilities and opportunities can be achieved. Where you come from doesnt define you or the amount of succession you will earn and receive what you make of your life is your choice and dont give up when you fail. The Keynote Address, which was a speech given by Barack Obama in 2004 supports my claim because Obama speaks about how he got there, his family, and his origin. He had to have fail so many times to actually become president but its apparent that he didnt give up or else he wouldnt be the president. The excerpt says, Barack, or blessed, believing that in a tolerant America your name is no acting white. He grew up not so wealthy but still received significant education. Although he was acting white reading a book he had to ignore it because at least he is getting an education. Also his name, family, and origin shouldnt be what completely make a person or their decisions/ opportunities. The American Dream is accessible to those who will fail but push themselves to o better but not accessible to those who give up after faili ng and lose hope in themselves and others. When you fail at something thats important that doesnt exactly mean that you should give up because if you keep pushing yourself to well then you can pursue your dreams. If youre born into a family that isnt wealthy or perfect or you are a certain race or religion that does not define what you do with your life. The American Dream can be accessible and achievable you Just shouldnt let society or your origin define who you are and what dreams you have.

Analyzing the Similarities between “Hymn to the Aton” and “Psalm 104” Essay Example for Free (#104)

Analyzing the Similarities between â€Å"Hymn to the Aton† and â€Å"Psalm 104† Essay The thought that two different works of art written by authors of different countries, different backgrounds, living eight hundred years apart and centering on religion—more [specifically] their portrayal of God and how he is like the sun—[being similar] would [be] deem[ed] [as] impossible [or not likely by many]. [However,] the poems [â€Å"]Hymn to the Aton[† by Akhenaton] and [â€Å"]Psalm 104[† by David are examples of] this very occurrence. [Some scholars assert] that either the latter was copied from the former or that these two works are the result of a cultural split, [due to the] vast difference of [similar] elements [and subject matter that the poems share. ] the poems were fostered within, their similarities in content, and that the poems could not have been creative coincidence. The benefits in understanding that these works have some connection, whether by plagiarism or cultural dissect, provides scholars with more knowledge about the world we live in, helps to decipher some of the myths and mysteries of other cultures with similarities and shows the public all cultures may not be as different from each other as we think, helps to show that propaganda has been used since the earliest of times, and that if societies do not document their findings or creations people will eventually circle back and rediscover them. Collectively, if applied to the modern world, these benefits will advances in many fields of academia and help society at large to become more critical thinkers and problem solvers. [Based on your body paragraphs, I have simplified your thesis map to the following:] [The three clearest similarities of the two poems include their similar discussion of the power of the sun or the notion of the sun as a symbol for the power of God, the similarities of the daily activities of the two cultures and their link to their God, and the emphasis of monotheism.] [Now, provide one or two sentences that explain what current societal issue can be resolved or lessened through the realization of the similarity of these two poems.] The contrast between Hymn to the Aton and Psalm 104 are numerous. Hymn was written by Pharaoh Amenhotep IV around 1300 B.C.E. in order to help support his efforts to convert all of Egypt to monotheism and worship of the Sun, which called Aton. [First, it is uncanny the manner in which both poets use the sun as a point of reference for their God]. In [â€Å"Hymn to the Aton† Akhenaton proclaims] the actual Sun [as] god. â€Å"Thou living Aton the beginning of life!†¦Creator of seed in women, Thou who makes fluid into man, Who maintainest the son in the womb of this mother..† In the psalm, King David writes how God created the sun [to] reflect His greatness. [Provide a quote from â€Å"Psalm 104† that shows David discussing the sun.] â€Å"LORD my God, you are very great; you are clothe with splendor and majesty†¦ But at your rebuke the waters fled, at the sound of your thunder they took flight†. King David’s poem was written about eight hundred years after the hymn and David does not mention much about himself, instead he praises the Lord. â€Å"I will sing to the LORD all my life; I will sing praise to my God as long as I live.† Based on the time and purpose of these poems, they could not have been coincidence, that the poems are similar, there had to have been a purposeful connection between them. [While there are slight variations of how the sun is used, in both poems the writers explain how the sun meets the needs of the people and how that act is a symbol of the greatness and goodness of God.] Understanding this connection helps us to discover more and develop our perception about the world around us. [How so? Explain how it can benefit one group of people to be able to realize similarities with another group of people with whom they have historically seen no connection.] [Next, both poems] list almost identical daily activities in the exact order throughout the works. â€Å"[Provide quotes from both poems.]† Many of these [similarities] seem to be paraphrased and suggest that these writing come from the same source like two eye witness accounts of the same crime. After understanding the differences in the author’s cultures, religions, and time periods these similarities support the claim that the works are connected either by plagiarism or cultural split. This helps [readers] to realize that many cultures may not be as different from one another as [people often] think. [Yes, and how can this realization help our culture or society? What societal issue or problem can be solved or lessened with this realization?] Based upon detailed examination [of] the similarities of the [poems, many scholars assert that the shared elements, especially the support of monotheism, are not] by coincidence. [Provide a quote supporting monotheism from both poems.] Some researchers suggest that Hebrews fleeing from Egypt before the time of Moses, some of them wondered into temples where the hymn was written, and has the walked along the hymn was one songs they sang and it was carried throughout the generations, but not that the psalm is not a plagiarism of the hymn, this only leaves the notion that there was a cultural split. We are not sure at this point how the works are linked, [While scholars disagree on which group influenced the other into embracing monotheism, it is clear that a cultural exchange occurred between the two groups. Thus, this realization of the similarity is another example for scientists and anthropologists showing that cultures have always exchanged ideas. This exchange of ideas becomes even more interesting when we realize that the Jews were enslaved by the Egyptians.] but it could definitely give more light and support to how scientist and anthropologist other academic researchers and make strides in their fields, help us to understand how cultures are linked across the board. [Explain how discovering that these two ancient cultures exchanged ideas can provide a blueprint or inspiration for current cultures and how that blueprint or inspiration can help those cultures solve or lessen a current societal issue.] After deep analysis s of these two poems it is clear that one is either copied from the other or [that there was some mutual exchange of cultural ideas] at some point in history. [Using the two poems to realize this occurrence] helps historians and scientists to make deductions about connections [to] other cultures, [allowing more people to better understand the surrounding world]. [Yes, now explain how society can improve if more people are able to understand and connect to the surrounding world or the people surrounding them Analyzing the Similarities between â€Å"Hymn to the Aton† and â€Å"Psalm 104†. (2017, Feb 04).

Knowledge Is Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Knowledge Is Power - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that the teachers encouraged us to analyze and critically evaluate topics that will result in the effective incorporation of knowledge in a future career. I work independently, as the classroom environment provided me hands-on experience. This experience provided me opportunities to develop proficiency and skills required to manage tasks/activities. The diversity of topics in this course helped me in building my communication skills. I can communicate effectively as at Flinders, frequent group discussions with classmates and senior colleagues are part of everyday routine. This has helped me boost my confidence and develop skills required to actively participate in discussions as well as conveying my point of view to others. I can work collaboratively because development of my communication skills provided me the confidence to take risks and share my opinions, reasoning, and decisions with my fellows. I value ethical behavior as being at a multicultural un iversity has helped me understand views, social norms and cultural beliefs of others. This had made me value intricacies of several issues. The multicultural experience has enhanced my vision and broadened my spectrum of the world. I connect across the boundaries because studying in a diverse university such as Flinders has provided me the opportunity to share my beliefs and cultural values to fellows. The comfortable environment offers me the opportunity to incorporate my values into the system as well as adapt certain morals and ethics from other parts of the world.

Benefits that are associated with good growth Essay

Benefits that are associated with good growth - Essay Example This essay discusses that once the living standards decline or stagnate, there is little or no progress at all in most societies toward any of the aforementioned goals, this leads to retrogression in many instances. The importance of good economic growth cannot therefore be overlooked as it ensures standards of living are improved as well as the well being of the economy itself. The impacts of economic growth should not necessary be negative towards the environment. It has been argued by some economist that economic growth can ultimately lead to environmental improvement, notwithstanding the increase in environmental degradation in the past associated with economic growth. As Robert Reich puts it, economic growth does not necessarily mean production of a lot of stuff, but rather, it is all about the nation’s ability to produce everything that the inhabitants of that nation want and need, which include improvement of public health, schools, as well as effective management of en vironment. This statement is validated by the argument advanced by Friedman to states that even though there is a wide belief that a bigger GDP ( availability of more services and goods) show the way to more satisfied and happier citizens, the proposition is more complicated than it seem. According to him, most individuals do judge their well being through weighing themselves against other people. For this reason, in the event that the average income of a given country increases the expectations of the people also go up. Consequently, the levels of GDP taken alone per individual in a particular nation, does not essentially give a clear reflection of the level of happiness among the citizens. The absence of a direct connection between the levels of GDP per individual in a given country and individual satisfaction seems to challenge the purely economic point of view in support of growth. This raises the question as to the veracity of people having to go through all the turmoil of econ omic restructuring as well as technological change while, the availability of bigger homes and more gadgets are not going to make people happier It has been the contention of other economist economic growth is good and important as people get to see their own earning increasing, and they do not have to worry about comparing themselves with others. Eventually, that state generates a more conducive environment for both social and political advancement in a given country. As pointed out earlier, economic growth does not necessarily have to go hand in hand with environmental degradation; as a matter of fact growth can be a very vital tool in controlling and managing environmental degradation as pointed out by Robert Reich. According to Dinda (2005), contrary to most people beliefs, continues economic growth can be the best means through which environmental degradation can be addressed. This can only be done by developing a mechanism that defines the relationship between income generated and environmental degradation. As Dinda (2005) puts it, when a particular country attains a satisfactorily high living standard, the citizens of such countries attach more importance to environmental facilities around them. To put it more simply, the more people become wealthier, the more time they will have to consider other things as opposed to the poor people who only think about basic survival. The wealthy on the other hand, will have more time to think about being more richer and environmental conditions. Since they do have significant influence, they are capable of influencing the local and national government to look into the issue of environmental improvement. Study shows that, even though during the early stages of economic growth there

From One War to Another Essay Example for Free

From One War to Another Essay The French and Indian war, a war that had assembled the largest number of troops ever, was caused by more than a hundred years of rivalry between the two countries, had several consequences on the British Empire, and impacted the colonies greatly. When the fire of the French and Indian war was blown out, another match was dropped, starting another war. The main causes of the French and Indian war also known as the Seven Years war, was due to the constant hostility of the two large Empires. Although peace was kept surprisingly well, at the beginning of colonization in the New World, the Ohio River brought upon a new battle. Not only the French and English wanted control of the Ohio River Valley, but the Native Americans who were living there also believed that it was rightfully their land. All held the notion that the Valley was a strategic economic location and none were willing to give it up, which led to the start of small battles. Eventually, this led up to a declaration of war from Britain to France. This caused both France and England to suddenly begin seeking friendship with the Indians in order to have them as allies. Although the English won the war, the consequences that they faced were immense. The war had increased Britains debt to 133 million pounds by 1763, which led to much hatred towards the colonies who were unwilling to help pay this debt. Grennville, and other men of the British Empire bestowed it upon the colonies as their duty to participate in paying the debt.. Grenville took it upon himself to impose harsh acts, such as the Sugar and Stamp act, inorder to take revenue from the colonies. This outraged many colonialists, including Patrick Henry, who at one of Virginias House of Burgesses meetings, openly protested the stamp act, and the unjust acts of the empire. Not only did the British feel that they colonies should take part in paying the debt, but they also held a feeling of resentment due to the colonists minimal of participation in helping with the army, and supplying food and clothing. The British were infuriated that the Colonies were so uncooperative, and unappreciative after all they had done for America.. This led to increased tension and unrest between the colonies and Britain. Quite different from the repercussions of the war of the British, the colonies had very different consequences. Men like George Washington who had participated in the battle began to see that the redcoats were not as powerful as they were thought of, and that they would not always be able to serve and protect the colonies. Also, with colonialists fighting the war beside eachother, this interaction with the other twelve colonies opened the eyese of the colonies making them aware that when united together, they could become a force that could challenge the British Empire. Also the Colonies were angered by the harsh acts initiated by the British, and began to despise the Parliamentary rule. Leading other colonies and people to protest Grenvilles acts; together they held an intercolonial gathering of nine colonies, called the Stamp Act Congress, which lead to the Governors writing to the British Government of how they should be in charge of their own taxation as they saw the British system of taxation without representation as unjust and unlawful. This perception led them to increasingly doubt their loyalty to the empire and these events led to the American Revolution. Beginning as a rivalry between the French and English which caused the Seven Years war, lead to drastic consequences of both the colonies and the British. The British Empire had a huge debt, and lost their relationship with America while the colonials began to imagine breaking free of British rule.The end of a war lead to another war.

Body Image Essay example -- Psychology

Laurie was a size fourteen at age eleven and weighed one-hundred fifty-five pounds. She went through elementary school being the kid that everyone called fat and never felt love from any of her peers. Even a counselor at her after-school YMCA program made an example of her to the other children. The teacher told all the children that she used to be as big as Laurie. Putting aside all the criticism from her fellow peers and teachers she found the courage and strength to lose weight. She began doing sit-ups and eating â€Å"healthier†. In all reality, she was eating less and less every day. She went from a size fourteen to a nine and then from a nine to a five. This all happened to her between summer and Christmas. By the following summer Laurie was a size double zero. During the following school year, she was called to the nurse’s office to be weighed and the scale read ninety-seven pounds. Laurie had become anorexic from the mentally abusing childhood she experienced f rom her peers. Every culture has a â€Å"perfect body image† that everyone compares their own bodies to. Girls especially have the mental thinking that they have to live up to the models on TV and magazines. In the United States the skinnier the girls, the more perfect their image is perceived. The â€Å"perfect body image† has an intriguing background, health and psychological problems, and currently few solutions. Background The history of having an â€Å"ideal body† type goes all the way back to the colonial times. Jennifer L. Derenne and Eugene V. Beresin have researched the â€Å"ideal body† from the colonial times up until now. During the colonial times, women were valued who were fertile, physically strong, and able women. This was because women during this time helped tend to t... ... (Ed.), Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z (Vol. 1, pp. 69-71). New York: Macmillan Reference USA. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com Drugs (Illegal). (2006). In J. Merriman & J. Winter (Eds.), Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction (Vol. 2, pp. 886-891). Detroit: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Retrieved from http://go.galgroup.com Franco, K.N., Alishahie, M., & Bronson, D. L. (2004). Body Image. In S. Loue & M. Sajatovic (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Women’s Health (pp.110-112). New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com Gleason, W. (2006). Leisure. In J. Gabler-Hover & R. Sattelmeyer (Eds.), American History Through Literature 1820-1870 (Vol. 2, pp. 639-644). Detriot: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com http://www.eating.ucdavis.edu/speaking/told/anorexia/a42laurie.html

Mr Gangsta

D1 Evaluate the team’s overall effectiveness in meeting its objectives, making recommendations for improvements In this assignment I will be talking about the overall effectiveness of my team which consists of me, Aman, Boris and Ansaar in meeting its objectives. I will be talking about what went well when constructing this team for a specific purpose and what didn’t go well. I will also be referring to Belbin’s, John Adair’s and Tuckman’s Theories.The second part of this assignment I will be giving recommendations for improvement of how team work in the future may be improved. In the P5 assignment I was given a task to produce a presentation which demonstrates team working as part of a team towards achieving specific goals. In the presentation the following points were included; the benefits of team working, theories of team working and theories of leadership. Each team member in the team was given a specific role to complete which lead to the task ultimately being completed.I was given the role to find information through research about Tuckman’s four stages of team development, Aman was allocated to a role where he had to produce slides for Belbin’s theory, Boris was given the role to produce slides about John Adair and finally Ansaar had the role to provide a few slides about the benefits of team working. This team was a temporary team as it was only formed to complete a task. Throughout the task each team member was motivated to contribute to the success of the task. Throughout the task the leadership was excellent as Boris the leader of this task allocated roles as soon as he becomes leader.Firstly we were supposed to choose the leader, Boris got the most votes for being the leader thus he had the responsibility to allocate us our roles immediately. Before producing our slides we were supposed to produce plans so that every person in the team knew what he was doing. The three steps were to; allocate roles i n the team, start slides and the leader (Boris) has to analyse the work, and finally fix the slides and check for any spelling mistakes included in those slides. After this process was over we were able to finalize the slides. During the task all 4 members of the team were able to interact with the audience very well.While presenting the presentation each team member in the team had good eye contact with the audience which suggested that we knew what we were talking about and were confident in what we were saying. We practiced this presentation several times which reflected in our manner we presented our presentation. No individual in the group red of smart board as we had memorized the sentences thus we could use gestures while presenting the presentation. Hand movements was a essential requirement while presenting the presentation as when describing something you must use your hands for the point to be delivered to the audience.This makes the audience intrigued in what you are say ing as they would want you to continue speaking. Furthermore, each member in the team was allocated with a very specific role which had to be completed before a deadline. Our team leader Borris who was a democratic leader as he encouraged each team member in the team to say what they wanted to so that those points can be brought up in the presentation. Boris gave us a specific date to complete the slides by so that any final areas can be checked for before presenting the presentation to the whole class.All 4 members in the team provided good communication skills as we were loud and clear at all occasions as the audience was able to hear what we were pointing out. Our group performed similar to the Tuckman’s 4 stages of Team development. This gave us a guideline and a way we could perform in the team. The four stages of Tuckman’s team development which are; forming, storming, norming and performing were carried out by our team as we created successful business plans whi ch led to the success of the task. Correction of spelling mistakes and grammar were made as no errors were to be found when we were conducting our presentation.Furthermore Boris had those 3 leadership skills which John Adair had during his time, those 3 leadership skills were; the achievement of goal or task, the group of people performing the task, each individual member involved in the task. Boris followed these 3 leadership skills which led to the performance of our team being very good. These 3 leadership skills rubbed off on all of the other members of the team as Boris led by example. When we were forming our teams which is the first stage of team development of Tuckman’s theory we had a slight problem.Both Ansaar and Warfa had equal rights to the team as they both participated equally. Neither one would oblige to go in another group as they had given equal contribution to the performance of the team. This is something which did not go well as no one was willing to move to some other team. Finally the problem was resolved as Warfa volunteered to make his own group consisting of himself, Aman and Boris. This situation lasted for a prolonged period of time as neither of these individuals wanted to move into a different team.There were several other problems during the P5 task for instance during the presentation my hands were in my pockets which limited my use of gestures during the presentation. Furthermore during the presentation I realised that we communicated well with each other however the slides we presented had too little information. Our overall performance was good however if there was more information on each slide then the overall performance would have improved even more. Moreover Ansaar mostly red of the slides and didn’t show much eye contact with the audience.He was a confident and loud speaker thus everyone was able to hear him however he kept reading of the smart board therefore the team’s overall performance decrease d slightly. Hands in pockets are a key sign of disrespect and shows that you cannot be bothered to present the presentation. On a few occasions I was caught with my hands in my pockets and I was unaware of that. I presented my part of slides well and presented myself well to the audience however the lack of movement of hands slightly decreased the credibility of my performance. There are several recommendations for improvement which can be applied on our team.The first being the point that I mentioned above; hands in my pockets. When I present some other type of business presentation next time I wish to use my hands more for gestures and ways which I can present my point to the class more efficiently. This will improve the credibility of my speech and will make the class more intrigued to listen to what I have to say. Furthermore I would like my team to conduct a presentation more efficiently next time. I want to conduct a presentation where every team member has memorized all the w ords on the slides so that individual doesn’t have to read of the slides.

Courage (To Kill A Mockingbird) Essay

The dictionary definition for courage is- Courage is the quality of mind that enables one to face danger or difficulty with confidence, resolution, and gain a firm control of oneself. Many of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird show courage in their own way. Courage can come in many different forms: physical, mental, emotional and moral. Atticus shows courage throughout the novel while he stands up for what he believes is right even though he knows the majority of people disagree with his views. Atticus sees differently because he went to university and he got an education where he learnt about values and equality whereas the people of Maycomb who do not have the same education are basing their decision on what their family taught them and being from the south they have been taught to discriminate against which is why they treat Tom Robinson so unfairly. Atticus is also forced to shoot the mad dog (106-107) which is against his moral standards but he knew he had to kill it, not only to protect the people of Maycomb, he also had to put the dog out of its misery which took a lot of his strength and courage. Mrs Dubose shows courage and determination when she recognises that she has a flaw and that she has to fix it. She is addicted to Morphine and makes a goal to die free of her weakness. She goes through a time of withdrawal that is difficult to survive. She finishes her goal before she dies. She enlists Jem to read to her every Saturday as a way of distracting herself. It still takes a great amount of self-confidence to be able to recognise that one has a flaw and even more to do something about it. Scout shows a large amount of courage in the scene where Atticus goes down to the jailhouse in an attempt to try and protect Tom Robinson. After he arrives at the jail, a group of men appear in the jail with the intention of killing Robinson. Atticus is prepared to defend him, but he is thrown off guard when his children enter the situation. This makes Atticus nervous that his children are in danger. That was when Scout stepped up to the men and talked them down from attacking Tom and Atticus. Another example of courage is when Scout rolls the tire into the Radley yard. She is terrified when she realises where she is and her immediate reaction is to run straight back to the street. When she gets back Jem tells her to go back and get the tyre but Jem ends up doing it anyway. When Jem returns he accuses Scout of being a sissy girl. What he doesn’t know because Scout decided not to tell him is that Scout heard laughter from inside the house. That is why she ran out so fast, forgetting the tyre. But she chose not to explain this to them.

7 Grammatical Errors That Arent

7 Grammatical Errors That Arent 7 Grammatical Errors That Aren’t 7 Grammatical Errors That Aren’t By Mark Nichol There are two types of grammar: Descriptive, which describes what is customary, and prescriptive grammar, which prescribes what should be. A tension between the two systems is inevitable and healthy; it keeps us thinking about what we’re saying and writing. Allowing mob rule at the expense of some governing of composition is madness, but a diction dictatorship is dangerous, too. As with any prescription, an overdose is contraindicated. Here are some hard pills to swallow for language mavens who require a strict adherence to rigid syntactical patterns at the expense of, well, language: 1. Never split an infinitive. It isn’t wise to always ignore this fallacious rule against dividing the elements of the verb phrase â€Å"to (verb)† with an adverb, but to blindly follow it is to prohibit pleasing turns of phrase one of the best known of which is from the introductory voice-over from all the Star Trek television series: â€Å"to boldly go where no one has gone before.† (The original series, produced before the more recent sensitivity to gender bias, put it â€Å"no man.†) 2. Never end a sentence with a preposition. This rule is ridiculous, to start with. If you believe it, please tell me what planet you are from. What are you striving for? Give it up. Am I getting my point across? The stricture against closing sentences with words that describe position stems from an eighteen-century fetish for the supposed perfection of classical Latin, which allowed no split infinitives for the excellent reason that Latin infinitives consist of single words. English, however, being a distant relative of that language, should be allowed to form its own customs. 3. Never begin a sentence with a conjunction. And why not? For an honorable tradition of doing just that exists. But some people persist in prohibiting this technique. Yet we defy them. Or we simply ignore them or laugh at them, neither of which they appreciate. Nor do they understand our attitude, though we try to convince them, and will continue to do so. So there. The words beginning each of these sentences are conjunctions, easily recalled with the mnemonic FANBOYS. Every one is perfectly acceptable at the head of a sentence. As is obvious from the previous paragraph, however, a little goes a long way. 4. Distinguish between while and though. Petty prescriptivists would have you reserve while for temporal usage only: â€Å"While I agree, I resist,† they say, should be revised to â€Å"Though I agree, I resist.† I freely admit that I often change while to though, and while I understand I’m sorry, I can’t stop myself and though I understand that it may seem pedantic, I think though reads better. 5. Distinguish between since and because. Ditto. And ditto. I concur that indiscriminate replacement of since with because may seem persnickety, but since ahem because I find the latter word more pleasing, I will reserve the right to prefer it. 6. Use data only in the plural sense. Where did they get this data? The alternative is to use datum in the singular sense, which makes you sound like a propellerhead. (Look it up, kids.) People who say â€Å"datum† get data, but they don’t get dates. 7. Use none only in the singular sense. None of these rules, followed strictly, allow for a vernacular ease with language. Did that sentence hurt? Did the waves stop crashing to shore? Did Earth stop spinning? If you wish to replace none with â€Å"not one† or â€Å"no one† (â€Å"Not one person admitted guilt†; â€Å"No one saw that coming†), by all means, do so, but fear not none in a plural sense. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives How to spell "in lieu of"50 Words with Alternative Spellings

Juvenile Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Juvenile Justice - Coursework Example Due to this difference in opinion, people has not yet arrived to the real definition of this kind of behavior as they do not understand it better. Some theorists gave out their opinion concerning this matter of delinquency saying that one of the major factors that they think formed the basis for delinquency was a combination of both peer and the socio-economic conditions. (b) Did it help make real some of the issues addressed in our text? A sample test or experiment was carried out by some of the two individuals whose interests were aimed at finding the real cause of delinquency because they found it more common in children. In their study or experiment, they used over 338 children of which they found out that there were three causes of delinquency, one being the relationship between the children and their parents. This was termed as one of the key cause because they realized that most of the parents do not punish their children even if they commit a serious offence or mistake. Secon dly, is the peer pressure that they define as involvement in bad companies that end up misleading some of the youths. The kind of punishment mentioned in the first cause result does not necessarily mean that it is the main cause but just an action that can help in controlling delinquency. (c) Are you hopeful for the next generation of young people? The control statuses expected of parents are not just to punish but also to reward and appreciate any good thing done by our children. Juvenile as one of the issues of concern in today’s world, has various definitions depend on how one understands it. This is a matter of concern because it does not affect the adults but children who are believed to be the leaders of tomorrow. This behavior is not always common on adult but in some rare cases. Various experts concerning the issue gave out various methods but all fell in vain, as people did not still know the real meaning of delinquency and some of the effects that were associated wi th it. A large number that fall victim to this kind of behavior are children who are still under the umbrella of their parents. This is one of the reasons as to why a large amount of victims comes out from this bracket of children. Children are still weak in a number of ways for they do not also understand the real meaning of life and some of its aspects which could be either negative or positive. Wong is also one of the researchers concerning this issue, gave out his results that delinquency is brought about by so many things or activities that one involve himself in. He says that the basis of this kind of behavior is idleness or lack of a constructive work that can keep one busy. He also defines some of the human activities and relates them to this kind of behavior. As per his perception and finding, there are long term activities that one may involve himself in and those that are referred to as short term activities. The short term activities are those that are always of benefit to the person who involves in it. One of these short term activities is smoking. From this example, Wong also says that those who involve in long term activities do not always fall victims to delinquency as they are focused and have dreams of which they intend to realize in life. In very many nations, this issue is always a big problem as they did not have ideal ways of dealing with or curbing this

Home Depot Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Home Depot Case - Research Paper Example Further research reveals there is a top management challenge to develop a good Strategic Plan, one that will retain the accomplishments of the previous CEO in terms of process and at the same time add missing ingredients. HD needs a Strategic Plan that will provide the finest customer services across all branches and that will convince the financial analysts in the stock market to recommend HD shares so as to push up the prices of its shares of stock. To win in that challenge without much experimentation, it is advisable for the new CEO to tap one expert financial adviser who is familiar with the stock market and has contacts with financial analysts, and another expert in the field of Retail Management and Customer Relations for the industry wherein HD belongs. With these two experts, and with good relationship and coordination with the Board, the right performance indicators can be agreed upon. Once people are all directed towards the accomplishment of action plans in the Strategic Plan, Home Depot value of shares will soar to the satisfaction of the Stakeholders. II. Background A.Problem Statement After the resignation of Home Depot’s CEO, Robert Nardelli, who had served the organization from the years 2000-2006, the new CEO, Frank Blake, has to decide what to do in order to satisfy Home Depot Stakeholders who wanted the value of the corporation to increase. Re-stated in a question, what should be the strategies of the company to achieve desired results? B.Symptoms Although the profit margins and sales increased during the term of office of CEO Nardelli, and the number of store outlets grew yearly, the Stakeholders were not impressed and were in fact dissatisfied. The cumulative shareholders’ returns in 5 years was reported in the case to be at negative (-13%). This obliged them to tie up the income of the CEO to the share prices of Home Depot which have been down. In terms of financial performance, more details are in the Appendix Figure 1B. In one article by Simpson, Stephen D. (2006), the author noticed how sales growth of Lowe was much faster than that of Home Depot. He said: â€Å"All that said, it is clearly true that Lowe’s is the pluckier and faster growing of the two concepts. Sales in the 4th quarter climbed over 26%...and earnings per share rose nearly 36%. Certainly those numbers outstrip what Home Depot managed to accomplish.† Stephen furthermore added that it was generally known that Lowe’s had â€Å"better customer service†. Compared to Lowe in 2006, Home Depot was growing in sales by only 11.14%. C.Critical Factors The experiences of both CEOs Robert Nardelli and Frank Blake were not in the Retailing or Marketing Industry. Both came from GE or General Electric. Nardelli came from the Power Systems Division while Blake was a lawyer. Thus, the former CEO was good at cost cutting and improvements in the process, but weak in customer handling and probably even marketing. The new CEO, on the other hand, was faced by circumstances he did not have expertise on. Shareholders were dissatisfied by the relatively poorer performance of the share prices of Home Depot in the stock market. The graph showed HD shares declining in value. Checking on the financial side, it can be seen that Nardelli actually did a fine job of providing the profitability, growth in sales, and liquidity. Further research revealed the presence of an aggressive competitor, Lowe, which was penetrating the market of HD since it opted to expand by

Gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gangs - Essay Example Different Approaches and Responses to Gangs Due to the negative effects of the gangs to the community, it is a challenging feat to deal with them, thus, there are different approaches that are being applied to prevent and to resolve problems related to gangs. The approaches and responses of the community to the gangs are based on the different factors related to the personal, the family, the social and the legal aspects of the society. The individual and family approach is the primary way to resolve gang behavior since the individual person can be isolated. For that matter, programs targeting the education of the family members and the individual gang member are included in the main actions undertaken to resolve gang problems. But there challenge in resolving gang related problem is the fact that teenagers and adolescents are very susceptible to gang membership and other delinquent activities due to peer pressure and the presence of different gangs in the community and in school. Bas ed on the survey of national schools, 7.6% of male and 3.8% of female in the secondary school students are gang members with activities such as fighting, stealing or selling drugs. Not only can these activities endanger them, gang membership can also affect the school performance and safety of the teenagers (Egley, Mason and Miller, 2006, p.362; (Gatti et al., 2005). Other reasons for gang membership and delinquency that are needed to be taken into consideration are the effects of â€Å"poverty, unemployment, and decline of the family in American cities† (Egley, Mason and Miller, 2006, p.313). The family-based policies and programs are effective to prevent the delinquent behaviors through parent support and guidance as well as personality development. Another approach to the gangs and their activities is through community-based programs and social interventions. The programs applied in such level are considered immediate and short-term responses to violence and crisis of the members and the victims of the gangs. The neighborhood, schools and localities are included in the programs implemented in the community-based levels. Commonly, local government units and NGOs in the localities are the groups working to find solutions to the problems. Their goals are specific to the needs of the community which includes crisis intervention, treatment and emergency medical care for the children and their families, and the law enforcement activities (p.313). An example of the community-based organization is the Boston Gun Project. It started as an organization to counteract gang activities in Boston by â€Å"assembling interagency work group, applying quantitative and qualitative research methods for the study and assessment of the problem related to gangs, developing, implementing and evaluating interventions† (p.338). The community based programs and policies are effective for immediate results and for solutions that are specific to the needs of the particula r community. The legal aspect is one of the most important approaches to the problems of gangs. Due to the rise of the gang problems in the 1980s, there had been a wake up call in the legislative needs in terms of gang problems. The California Street Terrorism Enforcement and

Is Thai Airways going to bankruptcy Research Paper

Is Thai Airways going to bankruptcy - Research Paper Example uld take up shares with the business, beginning April 1, 1988, to be the major shareholder with an estimated 51.03% of the company’s shareholdings, while the remaining 48.97% is owned by investors in the domestic and foreign markets, also including the company’s employees (THAI, 2013). Through the years, the company has experienced various challenges, benefits, and implemented different strategies to remain competitive and profitable in a highly competitive international market (Shoffner, Shelly, & Cooke, 2011). There is speculation that Thai Airways may be going bankrupt, following several challenges in generation of revenue. Different scholars and publications have closely followed the progress of the company, often making speculations, and detailing the actions taken by various entities in an effort to prevent the company from going bankrupt. The impeding bankruptcy of the airline follows a number of decisions made by the company, with respect to the market forces. T he extent to which the investors are willing to get involved in the recovery efforts will determine the probability and possibility of the company failing. In this study, the aim is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the company finances and situation to establish the basis of bankruptcy claims and probabilities. Thai Airways is an entity in the transportation industry, such that the ministry of transport manages the domestic, regional and international routes. The nature of the venture means that the products and services offered include air passenger, cargo and mail transport, warehouse, ground passage, ground equipment, and catering and maintenance services. Although the company is renowned for the air passenger services, the other services serve to support this core service. Under the service, the company has witnessed growth in the customers as well as fleet of airplanes, but challenges have resulted in premonitions on the company’s bankruptcy. Improvements to the services offered and

History Of Materials In The Aviation Industry Engineering Essay

History Of Materials In The Aviation Industry Engineering Essay Aircraft materials have faced an overwhelming phase of change since the takeoff of the first designed aircraft to the skies. This has seen aircraft designers changing the design materials from merely wood and fibre in the early days to composite materials and aluminium alloys in modern days aircrafts. Composite materials and aluminium alloys were introduced in the industry rapidly. Due to advancement in technology the use of wood in manufacturing aircraft structures is now history. This review covers the use of composite materials and aluminium alloys in the design of modern aircrafts, both civil and military. It also compares the usage of these two materials in aircraft structures. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Aircraft materials have faced an overwhelming phase of change since the takeoff of the first designed aircraft to the skies. This has seen aircraft designers changing the materials of design from merely wood and fibre in the early days to composite materials and aluminium alloys in modern days aircrafts. Early aircrafts were constructed mainly of wood and fabric, the Wright flyer (1903) is an example. Manufacturers preferred relatively light and strong wood such as spruce and fabrics, which were normally linen or something similarly close-weaved. These materials were selected looking at different characteristics which include among other the weight, strength, cost and availability of the material. Due to advancement in technology the use of wood in manufacturing aircraft structures is now a thing of the past. The use of metals in aircraft structures had to await modern material development processes such as alloy development. This processes produced stronger and better materials which allowed high speed flight. Materials produced were better as they allowed heavy loads and they showed better resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The introduction of computers has been of massive input in the field of aerospace. These seen engineers perform deep analysis of strain; stress and fatigue on new materials before there are introduced in aircraft structures. And as a result, the number of aircraft accidents reduced drastically. This review aims to cover the use of composite materials and aluminium alloys in the design of both civil and military modern aircrafts, and compare the usage of the two materials in aircraft structures. COMPOSITE MATERIALS Composites have been the most important materials to have been introduced in the aviation sector since the use of aluminium in the early years. Wright et al (2003) defines composite materials as, a combination of linear elements of one material in a matrix of one another material. This implies that composites are engineered materials made from two or more ingredients with significantly differing properties, either physical or chemical. The application of composite date back in the 1940s to the F-15 (US Air Force) fighters, which used boron/epoxy empennages. Initially the percentage by weight of composite materials used was 2%.Since then, the use of composites has rapidly accelerated. In 1981, the British aerospace- McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier flew with over 25% of its structures made of composite materials (Schmitt, 2008). This shows that composite materials were introduced at a very high rate in the aviation industry. Though composites have been introduced in aviation with such a fierce rate, it was proved they are expensive to produce. They are also hard to inspect for flaws and some easily absorb moisture. Despite the above mentioned disadvantages, composites still play a major role in modern day aircrafts. This is so because of their greater strength and lighter weights. Callus (2007) claims that regardless of the disadvantages of composites, they were introduced because they allowed a quantum leap in aircraft performance. Performance is in the form of light weight, ability, useful payload and super high speeds. USES OF COMPOSITES IN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES Since each aircraft is unique, it is impossible to generalise where various materials are being used in current aircrafts, but reference to a specific example illustrates the trend. Figure 1 below shows composite materials used in Boeing 787. http://people.bath.ac.uk/ck258/new%20materials%20documents/Composite%20materials_files/image002.jpg Figure 1. Composite materials used in Boeing 787 structures. Adapted from: http://people.bath.ac.uk/ck258/new%20materials%20documents/Composite%20materials.htm The above figure clearly gives a clear indication of the introduction of composites in aircraft structures. It can be confidently stated that composites form about 50% of the weight of the materials used in modern day aircrafts. This can be seen from the pie chart in figure 1. The commonly used composites are fibreglass, carbon laminate composites and carbon sandwich composite. Some composites include the Titanium and polymer matrix composites. COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITES Composite materials are made of two materials, one acting as the matrix and the other as the reinforcement material. These constituent materials determine the mechanical properties of the composite. The matrix has a lower density, stiffness and strength than the reinforcement material, and as a result the reinforcement of the matrix, to provide the majority of the strength and stiffness of a composite is accomplished by the fibres. They can be metallic, organic, synthetic or mineral. American Composite Manufacturers Association (2004) considers epoxy resins as one of the well known matrix material to have been used in a wide range of composite parts and structures. It further states that a major advantage of using Epoxy resins over other matrix materials is their lower shrinkage. http://navyaviation.tpub.com/14018/img/14018_593_1.jpg Figure 2. Aircraft advanced composite application usage. Adapted from: http://navyaviation.tpub.com/14018/css/14018_593.htm The table shows that the in early aircrafts composites were introduced in smaller quantities. This is the case with the F-14 aircraft which was first introduced in September 1974 (Hickman, 2012). Comparing the percentage of composite materials of the F-14 with the F/A-18, which was introduced in January 1983, one can notice that the F/A-18 contained a higher percentage of composites which is 20% as compared to the 0.04% of the F-14. This 19.96% difference may have been due to the introduction of modern material development processes. The mostly used reinforcement fibres are: glass fibre, carbon pitch based, Boron chemical vapour deposition (CVD) fibres, Alumina, Aramid, Carbon Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Polyethylene. Baker, Dutton and Kelly (2004, pp. 57) claim glass fibres are used mostly in airframes of gliders and in secondary structures such as fairings. The trio further explain that this is the case because this is where their low specific stiffness is not a problem in the design process, and because of their low cost as compared to high performance fibres. Such high performance composites include carbon fibre reinforced carbon. This is a composite material made from carbon fibre reinforcement in a carbon matrix. Diagram of carbon-reinforced carbon Figure 3. Material properties of a carbon fibre reinforced carbon. Adapted from: http://www.materialsviews.com/understanding-carbon-reinforced-carbon According to Grolms (2011), carbon fibre reinforced carbon is used mainly in high performance and high cost applications in aerospace technology. He further explains that this composite material is used widely in nose cones, wing leading edges in space shuttles and in aircraft brake systems. ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Aluminium has been the main structural element since 1930. This was made possible by its lightness as compared to other metals which are referred to as heavy, steel for example. Also, aluminium has been selected because of its indomitable strength to weight ratio. Although aluminium is not the strongest of the pure materials, its alloys use other elements to bridge the gap and improve its strength. Starke and Staley (1995) claims that aluminium is still selected as a structural material for the fuselage, wings and supporting structure for commercial airliners because of its well known performance characteristics, known fabrication costs, design experience and established manufacturing methods and practices. The duo continue on saying low specific gravity of aluminium leads to high specific properties giving aluminium alloys an upper hand in weight critical applications. Weight and strength Figure 4. Weight and Strength- aluminium is approximately one third as dense as steel. Aluminium alloys have tensile strengths of between 70 and 700 MPa. Adapted from: http://www.powerofaluminium.com/page.asp?node=45sec=Properties . Aluminium alloys were mainly created to tackle the weight problems of aircraft structures, but due to modern research and studies they have been recently studied for use in liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuel tanks, application which Starke and Staley (1995,pp.167) referred to as cryogenic. The development of aluminium-lithium alloy replaced the conventional airframe alloys. Its lower density property was thought to reduce the weight and accelerate the performance of aircrafts. This development, lead to the introduction of commercial alloys 8090, 2090 and 2091 in the mid 1980s (Davis, 1993). Weldalite 049 and CP276 were introduced shortly thereafter. Davis (1993) further says that aluminium alloys have a superior fatigue crack propagation resistance as compared to other alloys. This is due to high levels of crack tip shielding, meandering crack path and the resultant roughness induced crack closure (Davis, 1993). ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS AND COMPOSITES USES IN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES The future of aluminium alloys in the aerospace industry seems brighter than that of its competitors, the composite materials. Even though the use composite materials is continuously growing, it recently became clear that aluminium alloys will in the near future be the winners of the fierce competition between the two materials. The airbus A380 give a clear indication of this. It shows that 61% of its structure is composed of aluminium alloys, 22% being composites, 10% is titanium and steel, and 3% of the structure is made of fibre metal laminates (Key to Metal, 2012). http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1359645403005020-gr10.jpg Figure 5: Material distribution for Airbus A380 by percentage, Adapted from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645403005020 It appears the rivalry between composites materials and aluminium alloys in the manufacturing of aircraft structures will continue to exist even in the future. This report claims aluminium alloys have the upper hand due to the fact that aluminium is less expensive as compared to composites, and recycling aluminium is not that difficult as compared to recycling composites, meaning that aluminium alloys are more environmental friendly. To support this claim, Arval (2010) pointed out that Bombardier has chosen Airware, a new aluminium alloy, for its upcoming CSeries, and Airbus has also shown that new aluminium alloys may be feasible for its next aisle aircraft. CONCLUSION In this report, the use of composite materials in aircrafts has been thoroughly discussed, pointing out their advantages and their disadvantages. The report identifies the main disadvantage of using composites in aircrafts being its high cost. The other disadvantage of using composite mentioned is their repair problems. It has been proved that composite can give a headache when it comes to repairing from ground damages, which usually avail themselves during baggage loading and other ground accidents. Nevertheless, the report also states that composites are still playing a major role in the aviation industry. This is due to their remarkable strength and their lighter weight. Also outlined in the report is the use of aluminium alloys in modern day aircrafts. Indicated in the report is that, even though aluminium alloys are not currently the main material for aircraft structure, they are awaited by a bright future. New aluminium alloys have been opted over composites for new aircraft technologies because they are recyclable, less expensive, and their characteristics and damage tolerance are well known. The development of new aviation materials since the 1980s was a major achievement in the industry since the number of aviation accidents reduced significantly. Carrying out more research on new aviation materials can see aircraft accidents reducing to probably zero, and this is a call for researchers to concentrate more on new aviation materials.

The Stanley Cup and Online Communities :: Internet Web Essays

The Stanley Cup and Online Communities What I Know, Assume, or Imagine I will start off by giving a bit of background as to why I chose this particular topic. I consider myself an amateur in online communities, and in particular chat rooms. I have always considered chat rooms places people with no friends can go. I have plenty of friends, so I never really saw the need to chat. The few times I have gone into chat rooms, they are usually sport related. The problem I have found is that the conversation is usually on everything except sports. I still feel this way. The first part of my hypothesis is that chat rooms don't always stick to the subject. I am a huge hockey fan, and consider myself somewhat of an expert in certain areas. This is why I chose the Stanley Cup as my topic for my I-search. I think that combining something I feel I have good knowledge of with the Internet will help me weed out the facts from fiction. Here are some things I know about hockey. The Stanley Cup is the oldest trophy in North American Sports. It gets passed from team to team, unlike some other trophies. In the NHL, the players play for the Cup, not for the championship ring, or the championship itself. The winning team gets it's names on the Cup for all time and each player gets to spend a couple of days with the Cup over the summer. The hall of fame provides a "Cup Keeper" whose job is to stay with the cup at all times. Most hockey players in the US and Canada have dreamt of hoisting the Cup since they first put on skates. (Simon) As you can see, I am very passionate about the Cup, and could write my whole paper on its rich history, which began in the late 1800's. I am sure there are other people like me on the Internet, so my goal is to find them. I will try to use message boards as well as chat rooms. I plan to ask them about stories they have heard about when the players had the Cup. I imagine I will get better results on message boards, so I will concentrate more on these than the chat rooms. Another assumption I have is that certain teams will be more receptive to answering questions from me.

Cell phones Essay

First, cell phones are impersonal and rather anti-social. If a kid were using their phone to text during class all the time, they would not need to be as good at actually talking to others, which would degenerate social skills, which are very important in life for jobs, creating good family relationships, and making and keeping friends. It is not just about safety or reassurance. Yes, I want my kids to call each morning when they arrive at school and each afternoon when they leave, and there are so few pay phones anymore on which to do that. However, my children’s lives are also enriched by the freedom to travel to a variety of extracurricular activities or social engagements without an adult chaperone. That is only possible because an adult is just a phone call away. If children are not allowed to keep their cell phones during the school day—off and in their backpacks or lockers—the school system is governing my parenting and my children’s behavior during non-school time. The affecting school has no such right. Besides, teachers should be teaching, not spending precious time tagging and bagging confiscated electronics. Secondly, the mobile phones can be a distraction to the students if the school allows them to bring. For instance, during lesson time, it is known that students cannot use it when the teacher is teaching. Some students may just use it underneath their desks or behind their textbook and ultimately this will affect their grades. Lastly, bringing mobile phones to school will only increase the temptations of other students to steal the phones. As some students have the newest, latest phones like the ‘iPhone 4s’ and ‘Samsung Galaxy S2†², some bad students may keep a look out and might steal from them. Not only will the victim be disheartened, the thief will think that he or she will be able to get away from it every time. However, there are some reasons why mobile phones should not be banned in schools. For example, if there is a family emergency like the student’s grandma is in the hospital, or his or her house caught fire, their parents will be able to contact them. In addition, it would certainly be distracting for the teacher trying to talk over student’s who are talking when they are. One of the best ways to get in trouble during class is to talk when the teacher is talking, for it district’s the teacher, the student, and their classmate’s; if cell phone  were allowed in school, they would increase the amount of time students are talking when they don’t need to, making the class more difficult to teach, take longer, and be less educational. Cell phones could also provide a means of cheating on tests. Almost all cell phones have texting, and kids have become good at texting without being caught. It would be easy for kids to text each other the answer’s to test’s during testing session’s if everyone is allowed to use their phone during class. If teachers ask what students are doing, they can just say that they are texting their mom. These days, mobile phones are everywhere on the streets. Mobile phones are not what they used to be for only calling or texting. Now, there are games, music and camera functions available in a mobile phone. Hence, I agree that mobile phones should be banned in schools, as there are disadvantages of students bringing their phones to school. Firstly, bringing their mobile phones to school is troubling matter. As students might misplace their mobile phones in the school canteen or their classrooms and forget them. There may be dishonest students who will take the mobile phone and not report it to the discipline head. This is one of the reasons why mobile phones should be banned. In a society where almost everyone over the impressive age of thirteen carries a cell phone, pager, or both, many school systems have banned these items from school grounds. Why? Many say it is due to the powerful ‘potential problems’, such as texting during classes. Others say it is because they interrupt the learning environment. Whatever the reason the powerful school boards give, should cell phones really be banned from school premise? In a day and age where everyone relies heavily upon modern technology for communication, cell phones are a good thing to have, especially for high school students. Many students have after-school activities, such as a sport or a club that they participate in after school hours, when most people, including the office staff, have already gone home for the day. The students need a way to contact their parents during and after these activities, and vice versa. If cell phones were banned from school grounds, even just during school hours, how would the kids contact their parents afterwards? With only one or two phones in the spectacular office or on a coach, having thirty or more students per activity coming in to use the phone one after the affecting other is just ridiculous. It would take hours, something that would take minutes overall if the kids each had their own cell phone. The board, principals, and teachers alike are concerned that if cell phones are allowed in school, there will be problems with texting in class. The solution to this is to make a rule that says cell phones have to be off and put away during school hours. If a student is caught texting in class, have the teacher take up the phone for the spectacular day, or maybe even until the next day. This seems like a reasonable compromise, because that way the kids are still able to contact whomever they need to after school, but are free from distractions during the day. So that they can call and let their parent’s know to come pick them up after a sport is over. So if they are sick or they are not felling so well so that their parents could come and pick them up if they do not feel so good. Cell phones, while they might seem like nothing but a distraction and a safety hazard for school across the country, are in actuality quite the opposite. Banning cell phones from the school premises will only ever have detrimental effects. As long as there is a sensible rule in place, such as †Students are required to leave cell phones off and out of sight during school hours†, there is no chance of distraction’s or of safety hazards because of them. After all, there is probably more of a chance a kid will trip and fall than the chance of a cell phone being a distraction when it is turned off, is not there. However, cell phones can also be used for less important reason’s, such as excessive amounts of texting. One big issue concerning cell phones and teenagers is the use of cell phones in school. Many teenagers believe that cell phone’s should be allowed in school, during class. However, cell phones should not be allowed during school, because they would provide distractions for students and teachers, allow for cheating on tests, and for other social reasons. If a student’s cell phone rang during class, it would obviously distract him from the class and whatever the teacher is teaching. If this continued, it could prove detrimental to that student’s education. In conclusion, considering all the reasons, I strongly stand with that mobile phones should be banned as it is a distraction to the students and their phones might be stolen. Should there be an emergency, the parents can call up the school and the school can immediately inform the student. Thus, mobile phones should be banned in schools. It would be quite distracting for those student’s, and for their classmate’s. Cell phones also can cause social â€Å"problem’s†, which would only increase if cell phones were allowed in school.